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Chemistry 11 > Chapter 7: Solutions > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

def: any part of a system that is uniform in composition and in properties, making it visually distinct from the rest of the system

A

phase

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2
Q

def: refers to an individual substance and all the particles of that substance

A

chemical species

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3
Q

def: a substance made up of only one chemical species, having only one type of particle, cannot be separated by physical means

A

pure substance

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4
Q

def: a substance made up of multiple chemical species, having more than one type of particle, can be separated by physical menas

A

mixture

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5
Q

def: the simplest pure substance made up of either individual, identical atoms or molecules of identical atoms

A

element

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6
Q

def: made up of more than one element

A

compound

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7
Q

def: describes a system made up of only one phase

A

homogenenous

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8
Q

def: describes a system made up of more than one phase

A

heterogeneous

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9
Q

def: a type of homogeneous mixture, having multiple chemical species in a single phase, where one or more substances dissolve into another

A

solution

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10
Q

def: the part of the solution that exists in the smaller quantity, part that IS dissolving

A

solute

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11
Q

def: the part of the solution that exists in the greater quantity, the part that is being dissolved INTO

A

solvent

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12
Q

def: a type of heterogeneous mixture, containing multiple chemical species in multiple phases, specifically insoluble solid particles that are large enough to settle out

A

suspension

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13
Q

def: a type of heterogeneous mixture, having microscopic dispersed insoluble particles suspended throughout another substance

A

colloid

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14
Q

def: a solution composed of a solute dissolved in water

A

aqueous solution

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15
Q

def: the number of moles of a substance contained in one litre of solution

A

molarity

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16
Q

def: describes the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature

A

solubility

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17
Q

def: describes a solute that dissolves very poorly in a solvent, displaying low solubility

A

insoluble

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18
Q

def: describes a solute that dissolves well in a solvent

A

soluble

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19
Q

how can you define a soluble solute?

A

molar solubility = greater than 0.1 mol/L at 25ºC

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20
Q

how can you define an insoluble solute?

A

molar solubility = less than 0.1 mol/L at 25ºC

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21
Q

def: the property of substances to mix and dissolve into each other in any proportion

A

miscibility

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22
Q

def: refers to substances that aren’t soluble and that do not mix in any proportion

A

immiscible

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23
Q

def: refers to substances that are mutually soluble, that will mix in any proportion

A

miscible

24
Q

a precipitate only forms if a reaction product is _______

A

insoluble

25
Q

def: a solution into which solute can still dissolve, as the solute has not yet reached maximum concentration for that solvent at that temperature

A

unsaturated solution

26
Q

def: a solution into which no more solute can dissolve, as the solute has reached maximum concentration for that solvent at that temperature

A

saturated solution

27
Q

def: a solution that contains more dissolved solute than the solvent can at that temperature under normal circumstances

A

supersaturated solution

28
Q

def: describes a material’s tendency to repel water or to not mix with it

A

hydrophobic

29
Q

def: describes a material’s tendency to attract water or to mix with it

A

hydrophilic

30
Q

if attractions within the solute’s particles are the strongest then…

A

the solute won’t dissolve

31
Q

if the attractions within the solvent’s particles are the strongest then…

A

the solute won’t dissolve

32
Q

if the attractions between the solute’s and the solvent’s particles are the strongest then…

A

the solute will dissolve

33
Q

T or F: A solute will only dissolve if the attractive forces between its particles and those of the solvent are as strong or stronger than the forces within the solute or the solvent

A

True

34
Q

def: the attractive force that exists between the partial positive charge of one molecule and the partial negative charge of another

A

dipole-dipole force

35
Q

def: an electrostatic attraction that forms between the partially positive hydrogen in a highly polarized bond and the negative lone pair on a nearby atom

A

hydrogen bond

36
Q

def: a weakly attractive force that forms when non-polar molecules gain temporary dipole moments

A

London dispersion forces

37
Q

def: the separation of the component ions of an ionic compound when it dissolves in water

A

dissociation

38
Q

def: a molecule that has an overall, or net dipole moment, because of its bond polarities and its molecular geometry

A

polar molecule

39
Q

def: an attractive force that forms between the partial charge of a molecular dipole moment and an oppositely charged ion

A

ion-dipole force

40
Q

def: a solution of relatively high concentration; a large amount of solute dissolved in the solvent

A

concentrated

41
Q

def: a solution of relatively low concentration; a very small amount of solute dissolved in the solvent

A

dilute

42
Q

def: the process of solvent molecules surrounding solute ions or molecules, in order to form favourable ion-diplole or intermolecular forces

A

solvation

43
Q

def: refers to the process of solvation when the solvent is WATER

A

hydration

44
Q

def: an equation similar to a chemical equation that shows the separation of an ionic compound into its component ions

A

dissociation equation

45
Q

def: a equation similar to a chemical equation that shows the breakup of a neutral molecule into charged pieces

A

ionization equation

46
Q

def: a quantitative measure of a solutions’s ability to conduct electricity, thanks to its ionic content

A

conductivity

47
Q

def: a substance that only partially dissociates or ionizes in solution, producing a solution that conducts electricity, but only weakly

A

weak electrolyte

48
Q

def: a substance that completely or almost completely, dissociates or ionizes in solution, producing a solution that conducts electricity very well

A

strong electrolyte

49
Q

def: a substance that dissolves, but that doesn’t dissociate or ionize, producing a solution that does not conduct electricity

A

nonelectrolyte

50
Q

def: a common laboratory technique that allows you to determine the unknown concentration of a solution, by reacting it with a second solution whose concentration you do know

A

titration

51
Q

def: the solution whose concentration you know

A

titrant

52
Q

def: the solution whose concentration you want to figure out

A

titrand

53
Q

def: a piece of laboratory equipment designed for very accurate measuring and dispensing of a specific volume of solution

A

volumetric pipette

54
Q

def: a piece of laboratory equipment designed for very accurate measuring and dispensing of a variable volume of solution

A

burette

55
Q

def: the point in a titration at which the ration of the moles of titrant to those of the titrand is identical to the ration of their coefficients in the balanced chemical equation

A

equivalence point

56
Q

def: the point in a titration at which the pH indicator changes colour, signaling the titration’s end and the titrant volume you record

A

endpoint

Chemistry 11 (6 decks)

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