Chapter 7 - Skin Structure, Growth, & Nutrition Flashcards
Dermatology
Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
Dermatologist
Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails
Largest organ
The skin
Weight of skin
6-9 pounds
Healthy skin
Free of any visible signs of disease, infection, or injury. Slightly moist, soft, and flexible
Callus
Repeated pressure on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet, can cause it to thicken.
Skin on scalp
Larger and deeper hair follicles to accommodate the longer hair of the head.
Epidermis
The outermost and thinnest later of The skin.
Keratin
Fibrous protein that is also the principal component of hair and nails
Stratum corneum
Horny layer ; outer layer of the epidermis
Stratum lucidum
Clear; transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like
Stratum spinosum
The spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum
Stratum germinativum
More commonly called basal cell layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum
Melanocytes
Cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin
Dermis
Underlying or inner layer of the skin: derma, Corium, cutis
Dermal papillae
Singular; cone shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles that fit into the hair bulb
Epidermal- dermal junction
The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis.
Papillary layer
Outer layer of the dermis directly beneath the epidermis.
Reticular
Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels,sudoriferous glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, are toe pili muscles, sebaceous glands and nerve endings
Adipose tissue
Glands connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secrection of the sebaceous glands
Sensory nerve fibers
Fibers of the secretory nerve that are distributed to the sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands. Secretory nerves, which are part of the autonomic nervous system regulate the excretion of perspiration from the swear glands and control the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin
Motor nerve fibers
Fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles. Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles
Pheomelanin
A type of melanin that is red to yellow in color. People with light colored skin mostly produce pheomelanin. There are 2 types of melanin the other type is eumelanin
Collagen
Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength.
Elastin
Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue
Sudoriferous glands
Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and untainted chemicals
Closed comedo
Whiteheads; a follicle impacted with dead cells and solidified sebum, appearing as a small white bump just under the skin surface. Extremely small surface opening
Open comedo
Blackheads; hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum
Water %
Water makes 50-70% percent of the body’s weight and is necessary for virtually every function of the cells and body
Vitamin a
Supports the overall health of the skin; aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skins elasticity and thickness
Vitamin c
An important substance needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues promotes the production of collagen in the skins dermal tissues aids and promoted the skins healing process
Vitamin d
enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance. Vitamin d also promotes rapid healing of the skin
Lesion
Mark on the skin that changes the structure of tissues or organs.
Freckles
Primary lesions
Different color than than the color of the skin/ and or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin
Secondary lesions
Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab or depressions in the skin surface such as an ulcer
Crust
Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material
Excoriation
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
Fissures
Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance is aging
Keloid
Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
Ulcer
Open lesion on the skin mucous membrane of the body; accompanied by loss of skin depth and possibly weeping of fluids or pus. Required medical referral
Milia
Benign, keratin filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening.
Acne
A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria known as propionibacterium acne’s, the scientific term for acne bacteria.
Sebaceous cyst
A large, protruding pocket- like lesion filled with sebum. Sebaceous cysts are frequently seen on the scalp and the back and may be surgically removed by a dermatologist
Seborrheic dermatitis
Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands it is often characterized by redness, dry oily scaling, crusting and or itchiness
Telangiectasis
Distended or dilated surface blood vessels
Hyper hidrosis
Excessive sweating, cause by heat or general body weakness
Conjunctivitis
Also known as pinkeye infection of the eye that may be caused by a bacteria or a virus; generally extremely cautious
Herpes simplex 1
Recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore.
Psoriasis
Skin disease characterized by red patches cover with silver white scales usually found on the scalp elbows knees chest and lower back.
It is rarely found on the face
Albinism
Congenital hypopigmentation or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes
Leukoderma
Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; caused by a burn, scar, inflammation, or congenital disease that destroys the pigment- producing cells
Stain
Abnormal brown-colored or wine colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape
