Chapter 7 - Skeletal Tissue Flashcards
What are the functions of bones?
support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
Five types of bone?
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
What is the diaphysis in long bones?
main shaft of long bone, hollow, cylindrical shaped and thick compact bone
Function of the diaphysis?
provide strong support without cumbersome weight
What is the epiphyses in long bones?
both ends of long bones, made of cancellous (spongy) bone filled with marrow
Function of the epiphyses?
provide attachment for muscles and gives stability to joints
What is the articular cartilage in long bones?
layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of epiphyses
Fuction of the articular cartilage in long bones?
to cushion jolts and blows
What is the periosteum in long bones?
dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone and attaches tendons firmly to bone, contains cells that forrm and destory bone, contains blood vessels important in growth and repair, contains blood vessels that send branches into bone
Function of the periosteum in long bones?
essential for bone cell survival and bone formation ??
What is the medullary (or marrow) cavity in long bones?
tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis, filled with yellow marrow in adults
Whatis the Endosteum in long bones?
thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity
What is periosteum?
bones are covered with this
What is endosteum?
lined with this
Red marrow fills?
spaces inside the cancellous bone of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones are filled with red marrow
Bone tissue
distinctive form of connective tissue, hard and calcified, rigidity of bones gives support and protective functions
Composition of bone matrix?
inorganic salt, organic matrix
Inorganic salts are?
hydroxyapatite (crystals of calcium and phosphate contribute to bone hardness)
Organic matrix is?
composed of collagenous fibres and an amorphous mixture of protein and polysaccharides called ground substance, ground substance is secreted by connective tissue cells, adds to overall strength of bones and gives some degree of resilience to bone
The compact bone is?
contains many cylindar-shaped structural units called osteons, “osteons permit”: delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products
What are the structures that make up each osteon?
lamellae (layers of hard bone matrix), lacunae (small spaces containing tissue fluid where bones cells are located), canaliculi (smalll canals radiating in all directions from the lacunae and connecting them to each other and to the central canal), and central canal (contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels; extends lengthwise through the center of each osteon
Types of bone cells:
osteoblasts, osteoclasrs, and osteocytes
