Chapter 7 - Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 1

support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)

Question 2

Five types of bone?

Answer 2

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 3

What is the diaphysis in long bones?

Answer 3

main shaft of long bone, hollow, cylindrical shaped and thick compact bone

Question 4

Function of the diaphysis?

Answer 4

provide strong support without cumbersome weight

Question 5

What is the epiphyses in long bones?

Answer 5

both ends of long bones, made of cancellous (spongy) bone filled with marrow

Question 6

Function of the epiphyses?

Answer 6

provide attachment for muscles and gives stability to joints

Question 7

What is the articular cartilage in long bones?

Answer 7

layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of epiphyses

Question 8

Fuction of the articular cartilage in long bones?

Answer 8

to cushion jolts and blows

Question 9

What is the periosteum in long bones?

Answer 9

dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone and attaches tendons firmly to bone, contains cells that forrm and destory bone, contains blood vessels important in growth and repair, contains blood vessels that send branches into bone

Question 10

Function of the periosteum in long bones?

Answer 10

essential for bone cell survival and bone formation ??

Question 11

What is the medullary (or marrow) cavity in long bones?

Answer 11

tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis, filled with yellow marrow in adults

Question 12

Whatis the Endosteum in long bones?

Answer 12

thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Question 13

What is periosteum?

Answer 13

bones are covered with this

Question 14

What is endosteum?

Answer 14

lined with this

Question 15

Red marrow fills?

Answer 15

spaces inside the cancellous bone of short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones are filled with red marrow

Question 16

Bone tissue

Answer 16

distinctive form of connective tissue, hard and calcified, rigidity of bones gives support and protective functions

Question 17

Composition of bone matrix?

Answer 17

inorganic salt, organic matrix

Question 18

Inorganic salts are?

Answer 18

hydroxyapatite (crystals of calcium and phosphate contribute to bone hardness)

Question 19

Organic matrix is?

Answer 19

composed of collagenous fibres and an amorphous mixture of protein and polysaccharides called ground substance, ground substance is secreted by connective tissue cells, adds to overall strength of bones and gives some degree of resilience to bone

Question 20

The compact bone is?

Answer 20

contains many cylindar-shaped structural units called osteons, “osteons permit”: delivery of nutrients and removal of waste products

Question 21

What are the structures that make up each osteon?

Answer 21

lamellae (layers of hard bone matrix), lacunae (small spaces containing tissue fluid where bones cells are located), canaliculi (smalll canals radiating in all directions from the lacunae and connecting them to each other and to the central canal), and central canal (contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels; extends lengthwise through the center of each osteon

Question 22

Types of bone cells:

Answer 22

osteoblasts, osteoclasrs, and osteocytes