Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB Test 4 > Chapter 7 - Sexually Transmitted and Other Infections > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Sexually Transmitted and Other Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Reproductive Tract Infections

A

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Infections or infectious disease syndromes primarily transmitted by close, intimate contact
-Include more than 25 infectious organisms
-Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and ectoparasites (lice and scabies)
-Cause tremendous human suffering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common STIs in women

A 
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Human papillomavirus
Herpes simplex virus type 2 
Syphilis
HIV infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary Prevention

A

Primary prevention the most effective way of reducing STIs in women
19 million Americans infected yearly-1/2 of them 15-24 yr olds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent personal complications and transmission to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk Reduction

A 
Knowledge of partner
Reduction of the number of partners
Low risk sex
Avoiding exchange of body fluids
Immunization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk Reduction Measures

A

Physical barriers - Condoms
Chemical barriers - Nonoxynol-9
Communication - Expressing feelings and fears, Attention to partner’s response
Vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Most common and fastest spreading STI
Infections often silent and highly destructive
Difficult to diagnose
PID scarring
15-19 yo highest rates of infection
(scarring end up being fertile when trying to get pregnant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis Screening and diagnosis

A

Asymptomatic and pregnant women

DNA probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis Management

A

Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Erythromycin (eye ointment on babies)
Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis Perinatal transmission

A

Antibiotic ointment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Aerobic gram-negative diplococcus
Oldest communicable disease in the U.S.
Second to chlamydia in reported cases
Highest rates among teenagers, young adults, and African-Americans
Women often asymptomatic
S/S: purulent discharge, menstrual irregularities, pain
Can have rectal gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gonorrhea Screening and diagnosis

A

CDC recommends screening all women at risk
Testing during first trimester and at 36 weeks of pregnancy
Reportable disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gonorrhea Management

A

Antibiotic therapy: cefixime or ceftriaxone PCN resistance 1 x IM
Treat partner-frequent reinfections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Perinatal complications of gonococcal infection

A 
Miscarriage
Preterm labor
Premature rupture of membranes 
Neonatal sepsis
Intrauterine growth restriction
Postpartum endometritis
Maternal postpartum sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum, a motile spirochete
Earliest described STI
Transmission by entry in subcutaneous tissue through microscopic abrasions that can occur during sexual intercourse
Also transmitted through kissing, biting, or oral-genital sex

Transplacental transmission may occur at any time during pregnancy

(can cure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Syphilis

A

Can lead to serious systemic disease and even death

Infection manifests itself in distinct stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Infection of Syphilis manifests itself in distinct stages

A

Primary: 5 to 90 days after exposure-chancre, painless papule, erodes to ulcer
Secondary: 6 weeks to 6 months-widespread rash, maculopapular, feel bad, painless, pink-gray, wartlike infectious lesions
Tertiary: develops in one third of women infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Syphilis Screening and diagnosis

A

-VDRL, RPR
Pregnant women
Serologic tests
False positives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Syphilis Management

A

Penicillin

Sexual abstinence during treatment-monthly follow up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

An infectious process that most commonly involves the fallopian tubes, uterus, and occasionally the ovaries and peritoneal surfaces
Multiple organisms have been found to cause PID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Increased risk of

A

Ectopic pregnancy
Infertility
Chronic pelvic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Symptoms

A 
Lower abdominal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness 
Abx
Pain control (very painful to move cervix)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

A

Condylomata acuminata
Affects 20 million Americans
Most prevalent viral STI seen in ambulatory health care settings
Previously named genital or venereal warts
More frequent in pregnant women due to immunosupression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Human papillomavirus (HPV) Screening and diagnosis

A

History of known exposure
Physical inspection-can get very large
Pap smear

25
Q

Human papillomavirus (HPV) Management

A 
May resolve on their own
Removal
Medications-topicals
Counseling
*GARDISIL - (protects from 4 different types, 3 shots, 70% of cervical cancer from two types in shot)
26
Q

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

A

Initial infection characterized by multiple painful lesions, fever, chills, malaise, and severe dysuria
50 million people in US have
Vesicular (if see vesicle than think herpetic)

27
Q

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)

A

Transmitted nonsexually

28
Q

Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)

A

Transmitted sexually

29
Q

Maternal infection with HSV-2 can have

A

adverse effects on mother and fetus

30
Q

Neonatal herpes

A 
Most severe complication of HSV
Most mothers lack history of HSV
Viral cx
Chronic, recurring, NO CURE*
Acylcolvir-control symptoms
31
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

32
Q

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

A

Acquired primarily through a fecal-oral route:foods
Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing HAV transmission
(2 shots 6 months apart)

33
Q

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

A

Most threatening to the fetus and neonate
Disease of the liver and often a silent infection
Transmitted parenterally, perinatally, and rarely, orally, as well as through intimate contact
Vaccination series
(when sign VIS - yes want and yes recieved)

34
Q

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

A

Most common blood-borne infection in the United States
Important health problem as increasing numbers acquire disease
Risk factor for pregnant women is history of injecting IV drugs
Interferon alfa or ribavirin is main therapy for HCV infection
Effectiveness of treatment varies
(through sex and sharing needles)

35
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

37,000 new HIV infections occur in U.S. each year
Heterosexual transmission now the most common means of transmission in women
Women are the fastest-growing population of HIV infection and AIDS
Transmission of HIV occurs primarily through exchange of body fluids

Severe depression of the cellular immune system associated with HIV infection characterizes AIDS
Symptoms: fever, headache, night sweats, malaise, generalized lymphadenopathy, myalgias, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, sore throat, and rash

36
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Screening and diagnosis

A

Antibody testing

Detection

37
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Counseling for HIV testing

A 
HIV testing offered early in pregnancy
Perinatal transmission decreases
Consider confidentiality and documentation
Pretest and posttest counseling
Notification of results
38
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Management

A

Resources - Death and dying, Suicide prevention, Financial assistance, Legal advocacy
Prevention of transmission

39
Q

HIV and pregnancy

A

Counseling and testing offered to all women who enter the system for prenatal care
Perinatal transmission has decreased due to antiretroviral prophylaxis
Decreases transmission to 1% to 2%
Intrapartum zidovudine
Cesarean birth is recommended

40
Q

Vulvovaginitis

A

Infection caused by a microorganism

Also called abnormal vaginal discharge

41
Q

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

A

Syndrome in which normal H2O2-producing lactobacilli are replaced with high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria
Associated with preterm labor and birth
Treatment with metronidazole orally

42
Q

Candidiasis

A

Candida albicans or non-C. albicans
Vulvovaginal candidiasis, or yeast infection, is second most common type of vaginal infection
In women with HIV, symptoms are more severe and persistent

43
Q

Candidiasis Predisposing factors

A 
Antibiotic therapy
Diabetes
Pregnancy
Obesity
Diets high in refined sugars
Use of corticosteroids and hormones
Immunosuppressed states
44
Q

Candidiasis Common symptoms

A

Vulvar

Vaginal pruritus

45
Q

Candidiasis Screening and diagnosis

A

Physical examination

Vaginal pH

46
Q

Candidiasis Management

A

Over-the-counter agents

Intravaginal treatment or oral agent

47
Q

Candidiasis Methods of comfort

A

Sitz baths
Aveeno powder
No underpants to bed
Complete full course of treatment

48
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
STI
Common cause of vaginal infection
Inflammation of the vagina and/or vulva

49
Q

Trichomoniasis Screening and diagnosis

A

Speculum examination

Pap smear

50
Q

Trichomoniasis Management

A

Metronidazole, 2 g orally in a single dose

The risk for sexual transmission must be communicated to infected women

51
Q

Health History

A

Query for lifestyle behaviors that place clients at risk for STIs

52
Q

Physical Examination

A

Ensure comfort during examination

53
Q

Expected Outcomes of Care

A

Focus on physical and psychologic needs with emphasis on avoidance of reinfection and harmful sequelae

54
Q

Plan of care and interventions

A

Management during pregnancy

Infection control

55
Q

Key Points

A

Reproductive tract infections include STIs and common genital tract infections
Risk reduction sexual practices are key STI prevention strategies
HIV is transmitted through body fluids
Prevention of mother-to-newborn HIV is most effective when the woman receives antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy, labor, and birth

56
Q

Key Points

A

HPV is the most common viral STI
Syphilis has reemerged as common STI
Chlamydia is the most common STI in U.S. women and the most common cause of PID
Viral hepatitis has several forms of transmission; HBV infections carry the greatest risk

57
Q

Key Points

A

Young, sexually active women who do not practice safe sex and have multiple partners are at greatest risk for STIs and HIV
STIs are responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity and present heavy economic burden in the U.S.

58
Q

Key Points

A

Everyone has a right to compassionate, objective, and effective health care for STIs
Substance abuse can alter the body’s immune system and possibly increase the risk for AIDS
Pregnancy confers no immunity against infection

59
Q

Key Points

A

Because history and examination cannot reliably identify everyone with HIV or other blood-borne pathogens, blood and body fluid precautions should be used consistently for everyone all the time

OB Test 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions