Chapter 7 Rocks and Minerals Flashcards
A natural solid substance that has a definite chemical composition and physical structure.
mineral
The color of the powder left behind on a piece of unglazed tile called a streak plate
streak
The glow of a mineral under ultraviolet light
fluorescence
The way rocks break along a plane along flat surfaces; Minerals tend to break or cleave;
cleavage
The type of rock that forms when melted rock hardens
igneous rock
Melted rock inside the Earth
magma
Melted rock exposed at the Earth’s surface
lava
The process of cooling temperatures; hardens magma into rock
crystallization
Magma that cools on the Earth’s surface (crust)
extrusive
Magma that cools slowly, inside the Earth.
intrusive
This type of rock begins when rock is broken through weathering; this word comes from the Greek word meaning “broken”.
clastic
This type of sedimentary rock forms when chemicals come out of the water and forms solids. (Limestone is formed this way.)
chemical (related to sedimentary rock formation)
Rock that has been changed by heat and pressure; it has been changed from sedimentary or igneous rock.
metamorphic rock
This type of rock formation is formed mainly by pressure..
metamorphism
Metamorphism that takes place over a large area; a region is changed by extreme pressure and high temperatures; common during mountain building
regional metamorphism
Metamorphism that happens in a smaller area when magma or lava changes the rock it touches.
contact metamorphism
The processes that change rock from one form to another
rock cycle
The very bottom layer of soil which is largely rock
bedrock
The top layer which is made of broken rock from the lower layer. Varied mixture containing rock, air, water, and humus.
top soil
Decayed plant and animal matter found in the topsoil; good for growing plants
humus
Rock formed when layers of sediment settle over time and bind together.
sedimentary rock
