Chapter 7 Rocks and Minerals

Question 1

A natural solid substance that has a definite chemical composition and physical structure.

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

The color of the powder left behind on a piece of unglazed tile called a streak plate

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

The glow of a mineral under ultraviolet light

Answer 3

fluorescence

Question 4

The way rocks break along a plane along flat surfaces; Minerals tend to break or cleave;

Answer 4

cleavage

Question 5

The type of rock that forms when melted rock hardens

Answer 5

igneous rock

Question 6

Melted rock inside the Earth

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

Melted rock exposed at the Earth’s surface

Answer 7

lava

Question 8

The process of cooling temperatures; hardens magma into rock

Answer 8

crystallization

Question 9

Magma that cools on the Earth’s surface (crust)

Answer 9

extrusive

Question 10

Magma that cools slowly, inside the Earth.

Answer 10

intrusive

Question 11

This type of rock begins when rock is broken through weathering; this word comes from the Greek word meaning “broken”.

Answer 11

clastic

Question 12

This type of sedimentary rock forms when chemicals come out of the water and forms solids. (Limestone is formed this way.)

Answer 12

chemical (related to sedimentary rock formation)

Question 13

Rock that has been changed by heat and pressure; it has been changed from sedimentary or igneous rock.

Answer 13

metamorphic rock

Question 14

This type of rock formation is formed mainly by pressure..

Answer 14

metamorphism

Question 15

Metamorphism that takes place over a large area; a region is changed by extreme pressure and high temperatures; common during mountain building

Answer 15

regional metamorphism

Question 16

Metamorphism that happens in a smaller area when magma or lava changes the rock it touches.

Answer 16

contact metamorphism

Question 17

The processes that change rock from one form to another

Answer 17

rock cycle

Question 18

The very bottom layer of soil which is largely rock

Answer 18

bedrock

Question 19

The top layer which is made of broken rock from the lower layer. Varied mixture containing rock, air, water, and humus.

Answer 19

top soil

Question 20

Decayed plant and animal matter found in the topsoil; good for growing plants

Answer 20

humus

Question 21

Rock formed when layers of sediment settle over time and bind together.

Answer 21

sedimentary rock