Chapter 1 Cells, Reproduction and Heredity

Question 1

paramecium

Answer 1

A paramecium is a single-celled organism that reproduces by making an exact copy of itself and then dividing.

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction is reproduction in which offspring gets all of its traits or characteristics from one parent organism

Question 3

sexual reproduction

Answer 3

Sexual reproduction is reproduction in which an egg cell and a sperm cell unite.

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

Fertilization is the process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell unite to form a single cell. That cell divides and an embryo is formed.

Question 5

mitosis

Answer 5

Mitosis is the process by which body cells make more cells. Each cell in an organism forms TWO new cells that are identical to the original cell and have the SAME number of chromosomes.

Question 6

meiosis

Answer 6

Meiosis process by which reproductive cells are produced. After 2 cell divisions, FOUR cells with HALF the number of chromosomes are produced.

Question 7

duplicate

Answer 7

To duplicate means to copy

Question 8

genetic variations

Answer 8

Genetic difference between a parent organism and its offspring.

Question 9

stigma

Answer 9

The stigma is the female organ of the plant. The stigma is usually higher than the anther so that pollen will not be transferred to a plant’s own stigma.

Question 10

anther

Answer 10

The anther is the male organ of the plant.

Question 11

self-pollinated

Answer 11

Pollinated when the pollen falls on its own stigma and fertilizes it. The anther is usually above the stigma.

Question 12

cross-pollinated

Answer 12

Pollinated when pollen from one plant pollinates another.

Question 13

genetics

Answer 13

Genetics is the science of heredity.

Question 14

dominant

Answer 14

Traits or characteristics that are expressed or seen.

Mendel reasoned that some factors are stronger.

Question 15

recessive

Answer 15

Traits or characteristics that are weaker or hidden.

Question 16

chromosome

Answer 16

A chromosome is a long threadlike strand (package) of protein and DNA. They contain the genetic information to control the cell’s activities.

Question 17

gene

Answer 17

A gene is a segment of DNA that carries information for a specific characteristic.

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

DNA is a chemical that provides detailed instructions for cells.

Question 19

C6H12O6

Answer 19

C6H12O6 is glucose (the simple sugar) produced by plants during photosynthesis.

Question 20

cell wall

Answer 20

The cell wall is the outer layer of a cell that protects and shapes a plant cell.

Question 21

chloroplast

Answer 21

A chloroplast is the organelle of a plant in which glucose (the simple sugar) is produced.

Question 22

cytoplasm

Answer 22

Cytoplasm is the clear, jelly-like substance that holds the organelles in place in the cell.

Question 23

mitochondria

Answer 23

The mitochondria is bean-shaped organelle in which food and oxygen combine to release energy, carbon dioxide and water. This process is called respiration.

Question 24

vacuoles

Answer 24

Vacuoles are the organelles that store nutrients, wastes and water in cells.

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

The nucleus is the control center of the cell.