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BIOLOGY > Chapter 7 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chromosomes

A

Carry genetic information

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2
Q

Genes

A

Heredity passes from the parent to the child

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3
Q

Human genome

A

The sets of chromosome pairs

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4
Q

Nucleotides

A

Nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of three things: A nitrogenous base, which can be either adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine

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5
Q

Purines

A

a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming uric acid on oxidation

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6
Q

Guanine

A

A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.

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7
Q

Adenine

A

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.

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8
Q

Pyrimidines

A

a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties.

a substituted derivative of pyrimidine, especially the bases thymine and cytosine present in DNA.

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9
Q

Cytosine

A

a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

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10
Q

Thymine

A

a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.

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11
Q

Double helix

A

The structure formed by double stranded dna

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12
Q

Replication

A

The replication of dna. (Inheritance)

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13
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

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14
Q

Linked genes

A

Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction

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15
Q

Recombination

A

the rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms.

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16
Q

Crossing over

A

the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes

17
Q

Genetic engineering

A

the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes

18
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.

19
Q

Autosome

A

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

20
Q

Sex linked traits

A

A particularly important category of genetic linkage has to do with the X and Y sex chromosomes. These not only carry the genes that determine male and female traits but also those for some other characteristics as well. Genes that are carried by either sex chromosome are said to be sex linked.

21
Q

Sex limited traits

A

DescriptionSex-limited genes are genes that are present in both sexes of sexually reproducing species but are expressed in only one sex and remain ‘turned off’ in the other.

22
Q

Sex influenced traits

A

DescriptionSex-limited genes are genes that are present in both sexes of sexually reproducing species but are expressed in only one sex and remain ‘turned off’ in the other. In other words, sex-limited genes cause the two sexes to show different traits or phenotypes, despite having the same genotype.

23
Q

Genome

A

the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism.

24
Q

Karyotype

A

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species

25
Q

Nondisjunction

A

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division, usually resulting in an abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the daughter nuclei.

26
Q

Monosomy

A

Monosomy is a form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair. Partial monosomy occurs when only a portion of the chromosome has one copy, while the rest has two copies.

27
Q

Trisonomy

A

A genetic disorder in which a person has three copies of a chromosome instead of two.

28
Q

Polyploidy

A

Polyploidy is the state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

BIOLOGY (4 decks)

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