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Biology 220: Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus (air sac)

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2
Q

Bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

Bronchus (airway)

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3
Q

Bronchiole/o

A

Bronchiole (little airway)

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4
Q

Capn/o, carb/o

A

Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx (voice box)

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6
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe (a portion)

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7
Q

As/o, rhin/o

A

Nose

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8
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

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9
Q

Ox/o

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

Palat/o

A

Palate

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11
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx (throat)

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12
Q

Phren/o

A

Diaphragm (also mind)

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13
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura (lining of lungs)

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14
Q

Pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

Air or lung

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15
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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16
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus (cavity)

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17
Q

Spir/o, -pnea

A

Breathing

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18
Q

Thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o

A

Chest

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19
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsil

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20
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea (windpipe)

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21
Q

Uvul/o

A

Uvula

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22
Q

Nose

A

Structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract; also houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smells

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23
Q

Sinuses

A

Air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity

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24
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth; partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate

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25
Q

Hard palate

A

Boy anterior (front) portion of the palate

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26
Q

Soft palate

A

Muscular posterior (back) portion of the palate

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27
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and for air to the larynx

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28
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages

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29
Q

Oropharynx

A

Central portion of their pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

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30
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus

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31
Q

Tonsils

A

Oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filters air to protect the body from bacterial invasion; also called palatine tonsils

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32
Q

Adenoid

A

Lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose; also called pharyngeal tonsil

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33
Q

Uvula

A

Small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate; named for its grape-like shape

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34
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box; passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea; contains the vocal cords

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35
Q

Glottis

A

Opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

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36
Q

Epiglottis

A

A lid0like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway

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37
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina, where it splits into the right and left bronchi

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38
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Branches airway that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli

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39
Q

Right bronchus and left bronchus

A

Two primary airways branching form the area of the carina into the lungs

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40
Q

Bronchioles

A

Progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways

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41
Q

Alveoli

A

Thin-walled, microscopic air sacs that exchange gases

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42
Q

Lungs

A

Two spongy organs in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage; responsible for respiration

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43
Q

Lobes

A

Subdivisions of the lung, with two on the left and three on the right

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44
Q

Pleura

A

Membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)

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45
Q

Pleural activity

A

Potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura

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46
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscular partition that separates the thoracic activity from the abnormal cavity and that moves upward and downward to aid in respiration

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47
Q

Mediastinum

A

Partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (constraining the right and left lungs) and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and the thymus gland

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48
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Thin sheets of tissue that line respiratory passage and secrete mucus, a viscid (sticky) fluid

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49
Q

Cilia

A

Hair-like processes from the surface of the epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, to move mucous cell secretions upward

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50
Q

Parenchyma

A

Function tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs, that perform respiration

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51
Q

Supnet

A

Normal breathing

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52
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow breathing

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53
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast breathing

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54
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow breathing

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55
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Deep breathing

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56
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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57
Q

Apnea

A

Inability to breathe

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58
Q

Orthopedic

A

Ability to breathe only in an upright position

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59
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration

A

Pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and, sometimes, in rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea

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60
Q

Crackles or rales

A

Popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis

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61
Q

Wheezes or rhonchi

A

High-pitched, musical sounds heard of auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway; occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema

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62
Q

Strider

A

High-pitched, crowing sound that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway (trachea or larynx)

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63
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance

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64
Q

cyanosis

A

Bluish coloration of the skin caused by a dificient amount of oxygen in the blood

65
Q

Dysphasia

A

Hoarseness

66
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

67
Q

Expectoration

A

Coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

68
Q

Sputum

A

Material expelled for the lungs by coughing

69
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up and spitting our blood that originates in the lungs

70
Q

Hypercapnia or hypercarbia

A

Excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood

71
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypocapnia

72
Q

Hypocapnia or hypocarbia

A

Deficient level of carbon dioxide in the blood

73
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypercapnia

74
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Deficient amount of oxygen in blood

75
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficient amount of oxygen in the tissue cells

76
Q

Obstructive lung disorder

A

Condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs

77
Q

Restrictive lung disorder

A

Condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs

78
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and, eventually, flooding into the alveoli

79
Q

Pulmonary infiltrate

A

Density of the x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory process

80
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Thin, watery discharge form the nose (runny nose)

81
Q

Asthma

A

Panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membranes; characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough

82
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of lung tissue

83
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

84
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi

85
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Lung cancer; cancer originating in the bronchi

86
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Constriction of bronchi caused by spasm (involuntary contraction) of the peribronchial smooth muscle

87
Q

Emphysema

A

Obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by over expansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange

88
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

89
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Inherited condition of exocrine gland, malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body,commonly affecting airways lead to infection, inflammation, and damage of lung tissue

90
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

91
Q

Laryntracheobronchitis (LTB) or croup

A

Inflammation of the upper airways with swelling; creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct “seal bark” cough

92
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction

93
Q

Nasal polyposis

A

Presence of numerous polyps in the nose

94
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

95
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of the fluid in the pleural cavity

96
Q

Empyema or pyothorax

A

Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

97
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

98
Q

Pleuritis or pleurisy

A

Inflammation in the pleural cavity

99
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts, such as coal, asbestos, or silicone

100
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites or form aspiration of chemicals

101
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carnii organism, a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for HIV

102
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

103
Q

Pneumohemothorax

A

Air and blood in the pleural cavity

104
Q

Pneumoitis

A

Inflammation of the lung, often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts

105
Q

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

Occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot

106
Q

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

A

Disease caused by the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs; characterized by the inflammation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions

107
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinuses

108
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often resulting in snoring

109
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils

110
Q

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

Infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi

111
Q

Arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

Analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases

112
Q

PH

A

Abbreviation of for the potential of hydrogen; measurement of blood acidity or alkalinity

113
Q

PaO2

A

Abbreviation for partial pressure of oxygen; measurement of the amount of oxygen in the blood

114
Q

PaCO2

A

Abbreviation for partial pressure of carbon dioxide; measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

115
Q

Endoscopy

A

Examination inside a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic or treatment purposes

116
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways

117
Q

Nasopharyngoscopy

A

Use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx to diagnose structure abnormalities, such as obstructions, growths, and cancers

118
Q

Examination methods

A

Techniques used during physical examination to objectively evaluate the respiratory system

119
Q

Auscultation

A

To listen; a physical examination method of listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope, such as auscultation of the chest for heart and lung sound

120
Q

Percussion

A

A physical examination method of tapping the body to elicit vibrations and sound rot estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity, such as the chest

121
Q

Lung biopsy (Bx)

A

Removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathologic examination

122
Q

Lung scan, ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan

A

A two-part nuclear scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of ventilation or profession made 1) after radioactive material is injected in the patients blood, and 2) as the patient breathes radioactive material into the airways; comparison of the two scans indicates whether an abnormality exits int eh airways or the pulmonary circulation

123
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Nonionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions

124
Q

Polysomnography (PSG)

A

Recording various aspect s of sleep for diagnosis of sleep disorders

125
Q

Pulmonary function testing (PFT)

A

Direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes

126
Q

Spirometry

A

Direct measurement of lung volume and capacity

127
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

Amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration

128
Q

Vital capacity (VC)

A

Amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration

129
Q

Peak flow (PF) or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

A

Measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

130
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

Noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger, I used to monitor hypoxemia

131
Q

Radiology

A

X-ray imaging

132
Q

Chest x-ray

A

X-ray imaging of the chest to visualize the lungs; directional terms identify the path of the x-ray beam to produce the radiograph

133
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

CT of the thorax is used to detect lesions in the lung; CT of the head is used to visualize the structures of the nose and sinuses

134
Q

Pulmonary angiography

A

X-ray imaging of the blood vessels of the lungs after the injection of contract material

135
Q

Adeniodectomy

A

Excision of the adenoids

136
Q

Lobectomy

A

Removal of a lobe of a lung

137
Q

Nasal polypectomy

A

Removal of a nasal polyp

138
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Removal of an entire lung

139
Q

Thoracentesis

A

Puncture for aspiration of the chest

140
Q

Thoraplasty

A

Repair off the chest involving fixation of the ribs

141
Q

Thorascopy

A

Endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thorascope

142
Q

Thoracostomy

A

Creation of an opening in the chest, usually to insert a tube

143
Q

Thoracotomy

A

Incision into the chest

144
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Excision of the palatine tonsils

145
Q

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A)

A

Excision of the tonsils and adenoids

146
Q

Tracheostomy

A

creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube

147
Q

Tracheotomy

A

Incision into the trachea

148
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

Method of artificial respiration and chest compressions to move oxygenated blood to vital body organs when breathing and the heart have stopped

149
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy

A

Use of the devices with a mask the pumps constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages; commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea

150
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the air wear for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs

151
Q

Incentive spirometry

A

A common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications

152
Q

Mechanical ventilation

A

Mechanical breathing using a ventilator

153
Q

Antibiotic

A

A drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

154
Q

Antiocoagulant

A

A drug that dissolves, or prevents the formations of, thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels

155
Q

Antihistamine

A

A drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effect of histamine

156
Q

Histamine

A

A compound in the body that is released by injured cells during allergic reactions, inflammation, and so on, causing constriction of bronchial smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels

157
Q

Bronchodilator

A

A drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi

158
Q

Expectorant

A

A drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing

Biology 220: Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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