Chapter 7: Respiration in humans ( parts of the respiratory system) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts in the humans respiratory system?

A
  1. nasal passages
  2. pharynx
  3. larynx
  4. trachea
    parts in lungs:
  5. bronchi
  6. bronchioles
  7. alveoli
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2
Q

Why does the wall of the nostrils bear a fringe of hair and is lined with a moist mucous membrane?

A

To trap dust and foreign particles.

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3
Q

What are the parts of the c-shaped rings of cartilage at the trachea and bronchus? ( 1. connective )

A
  1. connective tissue surrounding
  2. c-shaped ring connected by
  3. ligament
  4. thin epithelium as the inner wall of the trachea and bronchus
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4
Q

What are the cells in the epithelium, the inner wall of the trachea and bronchus?

A

Gland cells and ciliated cells

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5
Q

What do gland cells do?

A

They secrete mucus to trap dust particles and microorganisms in the air that we inhale

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6
Q

What do ciliated cells do?

A

They have cilia on their surfaces, which beat rhythmically and sweep mucus and dirt up to be coughed up or swallowed

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7
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

It is the site of gas exchange

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8
Q

What are the parts in alveoli?

A

Pulmonary artery ( o2 blood from heart to alveoli), pulmonary vein ( co2 blood from alveoli to heart)

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9
Q

What are some factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

A
  • surface area
  • diffusion distance
  • concentration gradient
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10
Q

What is the rate of diffusion in relation to surface area in the lungs?

A

There is a large surface area with millions of alveoli in each lung.

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11
Q

What is the rate of diffusion in relation to the diffusion distance in the alveolar wall?

A

Short diffusion distance due to a one cell thick alveolar wall, which allows a higher rate of diffusion of gases between the alveolus and blood capillary

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12
Q

What is the rate of diffusion in relation to the concentration gradient of the alveoli?

A

There are numerous blood capillaries surrounding the alveoli, which allows continuous flow of blood to maintain the concentration gradient for diffusion of gases.

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13
Q

Why is there a thin film of moisture on the inner layer of the alveolus?

A

To allow oxygen to dissolve and diffuse across the alveolar wall easily

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14
Q

What happens when oxygen is exchanged from the alveolus into the bloodstream?

A

Oxygen dissolves into the thin film of moisture which then diffuses into the capillaries.

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15
Q

What happens when carbon dioxide is exchanged from the bloodstream into the alveolus?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolus from the blood capillary by diffusion.

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