Chapter 7: Respiration in humans ( parts of the respiratory system) Flashcards
What are the parts in the humans respiratory system?
- nasal passages
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
parts in lungs: - bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
Why does the wall of the nostrils bear a fringe of hair and is lined with a moist mucous membrane?
To trap dust and foreign particles.
What are the parts of the c-shaped rings of cartilage at the trachea and bronchus? ( 1. connective )
- connective tissue surrounding
- c-shaped ring connected by
- ligament
- thin epithelium as the inner wall of the trachea and bronchus
What are the cells in the epithelium, the inner wall of the trachea and bronchus?
Gland cells and ciliated cells
What do gland cells do?
They secrete mucus to trap dust particles and microorganisms in the air that we inhale
What do ciliated cells do?
They have cilia on their surfaces, which beat rhythmically and sweep mucus and dirt up to be coughed up or swallowed
What is the function of the alveoli?
It is the site of gas exchange
What are the parts in alveoli?
Pulmonary artery ( o2 blood from heart to alveoli), pulmonary vein ( co2 blood from alveoli to heart)
What are some factors that affect the rate of diffusion?
- surface area
- diffusion distance
- concentration gradient
What is the rate of diffusion in relation to surface area in the lungs?
There is a large surface area with millions of alveoli in each lung.
What is the rate of diffusion in relation to the diffusion distance in the alveolar wall?
Short diffusion distance due to a one cell thick alveolar wall, which allows a higher rate of diffusion of gases between the alveolus and blood capillary
What is the rate of diffusion in relation to the concentration gradient of the alveoli?
There are numerous blood capillaries surrounding the alveoli, which allows continuous flow of blood to maintain the concentration gradient for diffusion of gases.
Why is there a thin film of moisture on the inner layer of the alveolus?
To allow oxygen to dissolve and diffuse across the alveolar wall easily
What happens when oxygen is exchanged from the alveolus into the bloodstream?
Oxygen dissolves into the thin film of moisture which then diffuses into the capillaries.
What happens when carbon dioxide is exchanged from the bloodstream into the alveolus?
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolus from the blood capillary by diffusion.