Chapter 5: Nutrition in humans Flashcards
What does feeding or ingestion mean?
food is taken into the body
What is digestion?
large food molecules are broken down into smaller, more soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the body cells
What is absorption?
nutrients moving from the small intestine to the bloodstream
What is assmiliation?
nutrients are used by cells to provide energy or to make new cytoplasm for growth
What is egestion?
undigested matter being removed from the body
What does the buccal cavity connect to?
Oesophagus, larynx (and pharynx), trachea
What part allows air to pass through?
Trachea
What part allows food to pass through?
Oesophagus
Where does the epiglottis cover? What does it help with?
It covers the glottis. It helps to prevent choking as it covers the glottis, stopping food from entering the larynx and trachea
What are the 2 muscles in the oesophagus?
longitudinal muscles on the outside and circular muscles on the inside
What is peristalsis?
Rhythmic, wave-like contractions in the wall of the alimentary canal
What happens when the circular muscles contract?
It constricts the lumen
What happens when the longitudinal muscles contract?
It shorten and widens the lumen`
