Chapter 7 Quantum Flashcards
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
A continuous range of radiant energy
Shortest to longest wavelengths:
Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio
What is the photoelectric effect?
It is the phenomenon of light striking a metal surface and producing an electric current (flow of electrons)
If radiation is below threshold energy (v not), no electrons are released
-photons of sufficient energy (hv) dislodge e- from metal surface
What is the de Broglie wavelength?
It is the wavelength associated with a moving particle
What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
We only know the probability of an electrons location.
What is the Schrodinger wave equation and what is its solution?
It is the variation of electron matter wave with time and location of electron in an atom
Its solution is the wave funciton
What is the Schrodinger wave equation and what is its solution?
It is the variation of electron matter wave with time and location of electron in an atom
Its solution is the wave function
What are the quantum numbers?
Principle quantum number:
Angular momentum quantum number:
Magnetic quantum number
Electron spin quantum number
What does the principle quantum number indicate?
n indicating relative size and energy of orbital or group of orbitals- same n same shell, generally, increase n increase energy level
What does the angular momentum quantum number indicate?
l, 0 to n-1, shape of orbital
same n and l means same subshell and equal energy levels
What does the magnetic quantum number indicate?
M (subscript) l, integer from - l to + l, orientation of orbital in space around nucleus of an atom
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
No two electrons in a multielectron atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
What does the M (subscript) s quantum number indicate?
Electron spin- either = +1/2 o r-1/2
What is the aufbau principle?
Fill the lowest energy orbital first
What is Hund’s rule?
The lowest-energy in degenerate orbitals is the maximum number of unpaired parallel valence electrons.
What is the trend of atomic radii?
The radii increases down a column and decreases across a row
What is the trend of ionization energy?
The ionization energy increases left to right and decreases top to bottom
What does the wave function describe?
The motion of electron waves as they vary with location and time
What does the wave function squared describe?
An orbital or region of high probability for locating an electron
What part of the atom makes its radii larger?
Electrons
Repulsion increases the radii
Attraction decreases the radii
How do the radii of cations and anions compare to the radii of their parent atoms?
Cations are smaller
Anions are larger
Atomic radius:
Half the distance between identical nuclear centers in a molecule
Metallic radius:
Half the distance between nuclear centers in the solid metal
Ionic radius
Derived from the distance between nuclear centers in solid ionic compound
Who discovered the quantum theory? What experiment was used?
Mac plank who used blackbody radiation (radiation from very hot objects) experiments to determine that radiant energy can only be emitted or absorbed in small quantities, like packets or bundles
What were the benefits of Bohrs model?
Accurately predicted ionization energy and allowed scientists to use the quantum theory to explain matter at the atomic level
What were the limitations of Bohrs model?
It did not account for multielectron spectra and did not explain the electron movement clearly
