Chapter 7 - Protein Flashcards
What are the three main groups of amino acids
- Nitrogen-containing amine group
- A carboxylic acids
- A side chain (rx)
What are the essential amino acids
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
What are the non-essential amino acids
- Alanine
- Asparagine
- Aspartate
- Glutamate
- Serine
- Selenocysteine
What are the conditionally essential amino acids
- Arginine
- Cysteine
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Tyrosine
What determines if an amino acid is non essential
If they can be converted into an essential amino acids through transamination
What determines if an amino acid is conditionally essential
They are non-essential until the body can’t make enough of them
What is a complete protein
foods that have all nine amino acids,, if they are missing one or more essential amino acid they are considered incomplete amino acids
Describe the primary structure of a protein
The first level of a protein structure arises from adjacent amino acids bonding to each other through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain
Describe the secondary structure of a protein
Hydrogen bonds between two adjacent amino acids lead to the formation of alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets
Describe the tertiary structure of a protein
Interactions between amino acid side chains leads to further folding of the polypeptide chain. This may result in a functional protein
Describe the quaternary structure of a protein
Several proteins with a tertiary structure bind together to form the final protein
What is protein denaturation
A protein is considered denatured when it loses its folded three-dimensional structure. Caused by acids, head, agitation and cannot be undone
Describe protein digestion
protein undergoes only mechanical digestion in the mouth. In the stomach the protein is denatured by hydrochloric acid and it is digested by pepsin. In the small intestine the protein is further digested by proteases including chymotrysin and trypsin. There is minimal digestion in the small intestine
What are the functions of proteins in the body
- Body structure
- Transport
- Enzymes
- Movement
- fluid balance
- protection from disease
- Energy
Describe proteins contribution to body structure
bones, muscles, skin and every body organ contains protein
- Collagen is the main structural protein
- Elastin is another key structural protein