Chapter 7: Person-Centered Therapy Flashcards
Carl Rogers
major spokesperson of human psychology
foundational idea of central role of client-therapist relationship as means to growth and change
the first to study counseling process in depth
first to conduct major studies in psychotherapy using quantitative methods
first to formulate comprehensive theory of personality
father of psychotherapy research
Natalie Rogers
pioneer in expressive arts therapy
developed the concept of the creative connection
roger’s basic assumptions
people are essentially trustworthy
they have vast potential for understanding themselves and resolving their own problems
capable of self-directed growth
**all this without huge therapist intervention
Zimring, Raskin, Bozarth, and Tausch four periods of development for Carl Rogers theory
1st. 1940s non directive counseling
2nd: 1950s client-centered therapy (characterized by shift to focus on phenomenological world of the client)
3rd: late 1950s - 1970s; addressed the necessary and sufficient conditions of therapy
4th: 1980s-1990s; his theory became known as person-centered approach
non directive counseling
counselor creates a permissive and non directive climate
challenged notion that counselor knows best
student-centered teachin
educational approach where client-centered philosophy is applied
emotion focused therapy (EFT)
experiential approach to therapy that is empirically supported and research-informed
person-centered approach
designed to help clients increase their awareness of their emotions and make productive use of them
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) two major tasks
help clients with too little emotion access their emotions help clients who experience too much emotion contain their emotions
third force in therapy
alternative to the psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches
includes existential therapy, person-centered therapy, and gestalt therapy.
existentialism vs humanism
similar: both emphasize uniqueness of client experience and concepts such as freedom, choice, values, etc
different: existential focuses on anxiety and stark realities of human experiences, humanists take a more optimistic view that we all have natural potential
humanistic psychology
furthered understanding of self-actualizing individuals
pioneered by Abraham Maslow
core characteristics of self-actualizing people
self-awareness, freedom, basic honest and caring, and trust and autonomy
can strive for self-actualizing after meeting 4 out of 5 of hierarchy of needs
hierarchy of needs
physiological needs: basic needs such as food and sleep
safety needs: sense of security and stability
belonging and love
need for esteem: both from self and others
self-transcendence: motivational step beyond self-actualization
self-transcendence
provides a comprehensive understanding of worldviews regarding the meaning of life
a broader understanding of the motivational roots of altruism, social progress, and wisdom,
a basis for the integration of spirituality in mainstream psych
a more integrated multicultural approach to psychological theory
positive psychology
shares many concepts on the healthy side of human existence with the humanistic approach.
advocates Called for increase studies in hope, courage, authentic happiness, etc.
help people thrive, not survive
person-centered view on human nature
the client has the ability to move forward in a constructive manner if fostering growth condition are met
people are trustworthy, resourceful, and capable of self-understanding and making productive changes to their lives
three attributes that therapist use to help create a growth-promoting climate
congruence (genuineness)
unconditional positive regard (acceptance and caring)
accurate empathic understanding (grasp subjective world of person)
actualizing tendency
directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, and self-determination
based on Maslow (1970) study
therapeutic goals
assist clients in achieving a greater degree of independence and intergration so they can better cope with problems as they identify them
therapist function and told
rooted in their ways of being and attitude
What are the best predictors that a client will improve in therapy
active
open
non-defensive
relationship between therapist and client
the better the therapeutic relationship, the better the outcomes
Roger’s hypothesis
if the therapeutic core conditions exist over some period of time, constructive personality change will occur (it does not vary between client + necessary and efficient)
1. two persons in psychological contact
2. the first, client, is in state of incongruence, being vulnerable and anxious
3. the second person, therapist, congruent (which is perceived by client)
4. the therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client
5. the therapist experiences an empathic understanding of the client internal frame of reference and endeavors to communicate this experience to the client
6. the communication to the client of the therapists empathic understanding and unconditional positive regard to is to a minimal degree achieved
Congruence/genuineness
through authenticity, therapist serves as a model of a human being struggling toward greater realness
therapist remains genuine and honest without force or over self-disclosure
neither unconditional positive regard or empathy can operate without this first step
