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OEC > Chapter 7 - Patient Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Patient Assessment Flashcards

Patient Assessment Skills and Knowledge

1
Q

AVPU

A 
Determines Level of Responsiveness
A - Alert
V - Verbal
P - Pain
U - Unresponsive
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2
Q

ABCD

A 
4 Parameters of the Primary Assessment
A - Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
D - Disability
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3
Q

Normal pulse for an adult

A

60-100 bpm

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4
Q

Normal pulse for a child

A

80 - 100 bpm

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5
Q

Normal pulse for an infant

A

100 - 120 bpm

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6
Q

Normal adult respirations

A

12-20

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7
Q

Normal child respirations

A

15-30

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8
Q

Normal infant respirations

A

25-50

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9
Q

Normal adult Bp

A

90-140 / 60-90

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10
Q

Normal Child Bp

A

80-100 / 60-90

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11
Q

Normal Infant Bp

A

75-95 / 60-90

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12
Q

Normal Temperature

A

97.0 F to 100.4 F

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13
Q

What is decorticate posturing and what does it indicate?

A

Abnormal flexing

Nerve pathway injury between brain and spinal cord.

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14
Q

What is decerebrate posturing and what does it indicate?

A

Abnormal extension

Injury to the brain at the level of the brainstem.

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15
Q

What is paresthesia?

A

“pins and needles” feeling

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16
Q

What is paralysis?

A

Loss or impairment of motor function.

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17
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

a reduction in O2 supply to a tissue

18
Q

MOI

A

Mechanism of Injury

19
Q

NOI

A

Nature of Illness

20
Q

Under normal circumstances how long should capillary refill take?

A

2 Seconds

21
Q

When determining LOR what does AAO X 4 mean?

A

Awake, alert, and oriented to person, place, time and situation.

22
Q

When determining LOR what 4 questions should be asked?

A
  1. Name
  2. Location
  3. Time of day
  4. What happened
23
Q

What are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A
  1. Eye response
  2. Verbal response
  3. motor response
24
Q

What is SAMPLE used for and what does it stand for?

A 
Medical History
S - Signs and symptoms
A - Allergies
M - Medications
P - Pertinent past medical history
L - Last oral intake
E - Events leading to incident
25
Q

What is OPQRST used to assess and what does it stand for?

A 
Pain Assessment
O - Onset
P - Provocation and palliation
Q - Quality
R - Radiation
S - Severity
T - Time
26
Q

What is a sign?

A

An objective finding that can be seen, heard, smelled or measured.

27
Q

What is a symptom?

A

A subjective finding that the patient tells you.

28
Q

What is a distracting injury?

A

Any injury that directs the patient’s attention away from the exam.

29
Q

What is DCAP-BTLS used to assess and what does it stand for?

A 
Trauma
D - Deformity
C - Contusions
A - Abrasions/avulsions
P - Punctures/penetrations
B - Burns/bleeding/bruises
T - Tenderness
L - Lacerations
S - Swelling
30
Q

What is PERRL used to assess and what does it stand for?

A 
Eyes
P - Pupils are
E - Equal
R - Round
R - Reactive to
L - Light
31
Q

How should you examine the pelvis?

A

Gently squeeze the “hip” bones inward, only once.

32
Q

What does LOR stand for?

A

Level of Responsiveness

33
Q

What are the three sections of a Patient Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)

A
  1. Scene Size-up
  2. Primary Assessment
  3. Secondary Assessment
34
Q

What are the steps of the Scene Size-up (according to the Skill Guide)?

A
  1. Determine scene is safe.
  2. Introduce yourself and obtain permission to examine and treat.
  3. Initiate standard precautions.
  4. Determine MOI and/or NOI and Chief Complaint.
  5. Identify number of patients and LOR of each.
  6. Form general impression - evaluate extrication issues - C-spine considerations.
35
Q

What are the steps of the Primary Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)?

A
  1. ABCDs
  2. Provide Airway/breathing interventions
  3. Check for and control major breathings
  4. Confirm and monitor LOR
  5. Call for transport, equipment, help
36
Q

What is PERRL used to assess and what does it stand for?

A 
Eyes
P - Pupils are
E - Equal
R - Round
R - Reactive to
L - Light
37
Q

How should you examine the pelvis?

A

Gently squeeze the “hip” bones inward, only once.

38
Q

What does LOR stand for?

A

Level of Responsiveness

39
Q

What are the three sections of a Patient Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)

A
  1. Scene Size-up
  2. Primary Assessment
  3. Secondary Assessment
40
Q

What are the steps of the Scene Size-up (according to the Skill Guide)?

A
  1. Determine scene is safe.
  2. Introduce yourself and obtain permission to examine and treat.
  3. Initiate standard precautions.
  4. Determine MOI and/or NOI and Chief Complaint.
  5. Identify number of patients and LOR of each.
  6. Form general impression - evaluate extrication issues - C-spine considerations.
41
Q

What are the steps of the Primary Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)?

A
  1. ABCDs
  2. Provide Airway/breathing interventions
  3. Check for and control major breathings
  4. Confirm and monitor LOR
  5. Call for transport, equipment, help
42
Q

What are the steps of the Secondary Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)?

A
  1. Perform head-to-toe assessment DCAP-BTLS
  2. Obtain SAMPLE history
  3. Obtain baseline vitals
  4. Provide interventions
  5. Treat for Shock
  6. Maintain spinal immobilization if needed
  7. Prepare for transport
  8. Reassess vitals and primary assessment

OEC (14 decks)

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