Chapter 7 - Patient Assessment

Question 1

AVPU

Answer 1

Determines Level of Responsiveness
A - Alert
V - Verbal
P - Pain
U - Unresponsive

Question 2

ABCD

Answer 2

4 Parameters of the Primary Assessment
A - Airway
B - Breathing
C - Circulation
D - Disability

Question 3

Normal pulse for an adult

Answer 3

60-100 bpm

Question 4

Normal pulse for a child

Answer 4

80 - 100 bpm

Question 5

Normal pulse for an infant

Answer 5

100 - 120 bpm

Question 6

Normal adult respirations

Answer 6

12-20

Question 7

Normal child respirations

Answer 7

15-30

Question 8

Normal infant respirations

Answer 8

25-50

Question 9

Normal adult Bp

Answer 9

90-140 / 60-90

Question 10

Normal Child Bp

Answer 10

80-100 / 60-90

Question 11

Normal Infant Bp

Answer 11

75-95 / 60-90

Question 12

Normal Temperature

Answer 12

97.0 F to 100.4 F

Question 13

What is decorticate posturing and what does it indicate?

Answer 13

Abnormal flexing

Nerve pathway injury between brain and spinal cord.

Question 14

What is decerebrate posturing and what does it indicate?

Answer 14

Abnormal extension

Injury to the brain at the level of the brainstem.

Question 15

What is paresthesia?

Answer 15

“pins and needles” feeling

Question 16

What is paralysis?

Answer 16

Loss or impairment of motor function.

Question 17

What is hypoxia?

Answer 17

a reduction in O2 supply to a tissue

Question 18

MOI

Answer 18

Mechanism of Injury

Question 19

NOI

Answer 19

Nature of Illness

Question 20

Under normal circumstances how long should capillary refill take?

Answer 20

2 Seconds

Question 21

When determining LOR what does AAO X 4 mean?

Answer 21

Awake, alert, and oriented to person, place, time and situation.

Question 22

When determining LOR what 4 questions should be asked?

Answer 22

1. Name
2. Location
3. Time of day
4. What happened

Question 23

What are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

Answer 23

1. Eye response
2. Verbal response
3. motor response

Question 24

What is SAMPLE used for and what does it stand for?

Answer 24

Medical History
S - Signs and symptoms
A - Allergies
M - Medications
P - Pertinent past medical history
L - Last oral intake
E - Events leading to incident

Question 25

What is OPQRST used to assess and what does it stand for?

Answer 25

``` Pain Assessment O - Onset P - Provocation and palliation Q - Quality R - Radiation S - Severity T - Time ```

Question 26

What is a sign?

Answer 26

An objective finding that can be seen, heard, smelled or measured.

Question 27

What is a symptom?

Answer 27

A subjective finding that the patient tells you.

Question 28

What is a distracting injury?

Answer 28

Any injury that directs the patient's attention away from the exam.

Question 29

What is DCAP-BTLS used to assess and what does it stand for?

Answer 29

``` Trauma D - Deformity C - Contusions A - Abrasions/avulsions P - Punctures/penetrations B - Burns/bleeding/bruises T - Tenderness L - Lacerations S - Swelling ```

Question 30

What is PERRL used to assess and what does it stand for?

Answer 30

``` Eyes P - Pupils are E - Equal R - Round R - Reactive to L - Light ```

Question 31

How should you examine the pelvis?

Answer 31

Gently squeeze the "hip" bones inward, only once.

Question 32

What does LOR stand for?

Answer 32

Level of Responsiveness

Question 33

What are the three sections of a Patient Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)

Answer 33

1. Scene Size-up 2. Primary Assessment 3. Secondary Assessment

Question 34

What are the steps of the Scene Size-up (according to the Skill Guide)?

Answer 34

1. Determine scene is safe. 2. Introduce yourself and obtain permission to examine and treat. 3. Initiate standard precautions. 4. Determine MOI and/or NOI and Chief Complaint. 5. Identify number of patients and LOR of each. 6. Form general impression - evaluate extrication issues - C-spine considerations.

Question 35

What are the steps of the Primary Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)?

Answer 35

1. ABCDs 2. Provide Airway/breathing interventions 3. Check for and control major breathings 4. Confirm and monitor LOR 5. Call for transport, equipment, help

Question 36

What is PERRL used to assess and what does it stand for?

Answer 36

``` Eyes P - Pupils are E - Equal R - Round R - Reactive to L - Light ```

Question 37

How should you examine the pelvis?

Answer 37

Gently squeeze the "hip" bones inward, only once.

Question 38

What does LOR stand for?

Answer 38

Level of Responsiveness

Question 39

What are the three sections of a Patient Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)

Answer 39

1. Scene Size-up 2. Primary Assessment 3. Secondary Assessment

Question 40

What are the steps of the Scene Size-up (according to the Skill Guide)?

Answer 40

1. Determine scene is safe. 2. Introduce yourself and obtain permission to examine and treat. 3. Initiate standard precautions. 4. Determine MOI and/or NOI and Chief Complaint. 5. Identify number of patients and LOR of each. 6. Form general impression - evaluate extrication issues - C-spine considerations.

Question 41

What are the steps of the Primary Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)?

Answer 41

1. ABCDs 2. Provide Airway/breathing interventions 3. Check for and control major breathings 4. Confirm and monitor LOR 5. Call for transport, equipment, help

Question 42

What are the steps of the Secondary Assessment (according to the Skill Guide)?

Answer 42

1. Perform head-to-toe assessment DCAP-BTLS 2. Obtain SAMPLE history 3. Obtain baseline vitals 4. Provide interventions 5. Treat for Shock 6. Maintain spinal immobilization if needed 7. Prepare for transport 8. Reassess vitals and primary assessment