Chapter 11 - Altered Mental Status Flashcards
What is glucose?
The simple sugar used by the body as its chief source of energy.
What is insulin?
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.
What is glucagon?
A hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen which is the storage form of glucose in the liver.
What is glycogen?
The storage form of glucose.
What does AEIOU-TIPS stand for?
A - Alcohol & Acidosis E - Epilepsy, Environment, & Electrolytes I - Insulin O - Oxygen & Overdose U - Uremia T - Trauma & Tumors I - Infection P - Poisoning & Psychiatric conditions S - Seizure, stroke & syncope
What is tonic activity?
A general stiffening of the muscles.
What is clonic activity?
Spasmodic jerking of the muscles.
What are the three phases of a generalized seizure?
Pre-ictal - may include an aura
Ictal -Tonic followed by clonic activity, unresponsiveness, possible breathing issues, 1-3 minutes
Post-ictal - tonic-clonic activity stops and patient slowly recovers.
What is polyuria?
Excessive excretion of urine.
What is polydipsia?
Excessive thirst and fluid intake.
Describe the four types of diabetes mellitus.
- Type 1 - Insulin-dependent - treated with insulin
- Type 2 - adult-onset - controlled by diet or medication
- Gestational - develops during pregnancy
- Other - genetic
What is hypoglycemia?
Low blood sugar
What is hyperglycemia?
Exess glucose in the blood.
What is a TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attack
What are the three types of stroke?
- Ischemic - disruption of blood to the brain
- Hemorrhagic - bleeding into the brain
- TIA - temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain
What are the common signs and symptoms of stroke?
Difficulty speaking and slurred speech, facial asymmetry, AMS, motor impairment especially to one side of the body, unequal pupils.
