Chapter 11 - Altered Mental Status

Question 1

What is glucose?

Answer 1

The simple sugar used by the body as its chief source of energy.

Question 2

What is insulin?

Answer 2

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.

Question 3

What is glucagon?

Answer 3

A hormone that stimulates the breakdown of glycogen which is the storage form of glucose in the liver.

Question 4

What is glycogen?

Answer 4

The storage form of glucose.

Question 5

What does AEIOU-TIPS stand for?

Answer 5

A - Alcohol & Acidosis
E - Epilepsy, Environment, & Electrolytes
I - Insulin
O - Oxygen & Overdose
U - Uremia
T - Trauma & Tumors
I - Infection
P - Poisoning & Psychiatric conditions
S - Seizure, stroke & syncope

Question 6

What is tonic activity?

Answer 6

A general stiffening of the muscles.

Question 7

What is clonic activity?

Answer 7

Spasmodic jerking of the muscles.

Question 8

What are the three phases of a generalized seizure?

Answer 8

Pre-ictal - may include an aura
Ictal -Tonic followed by clonic activity, unresponsiveness, possible breathing issues, 1-3 minutes
Post-ictal - tonic-clonic activity stops and patient slowly recovers.

Question 9

What is polyuria?

Answer 9

Excessive excretion of urine.

Question 10

What is polydipsia?

Answer 10

Excessive thirst and fluid intake.

Question 11

Describe the four types of diabetes mellitus.

Answer 11

1. Type 1 - Insulin-dependent - treated with insulin
2. Type 2 - adult-onset - controlled by diet or medication
3. Gestational - develops during pregnancy
4. Other - genetic

Question 12

What is hypoglycemia?

Answer 12

Low blood sugar

Question 13

What is hyperglycemia?

Answer 13

Exess glucose in the blood.

Question 14

What is a TIA?

Answer 14

Transient Ischemic Attack

Question 15

What are the three types of stroke?

Answer 15

1. Ischemic - disruption of blood to the brain
2. Hemorrhagic - bleeding into the brain
3. TIA - temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain

Question 16

What are the common signs and symptoms of stroke?

Answer 16

Difficulty speaking and slurred speech, facial asymmetry, AMS, motor impairment especially to one side of the body, unequal pupils.