Chapter 7 part 2

Question 1

What moves in homeostasis?

Answer 1

food, oxygen, and other nutrients need to move into the cell, while useful products (water) and waste materials need to be exported

Question 2

passes through the the membrane

Answer 2

permeable

Question 3

membrane only allows certain substances through

Answer 3

selectively permeable

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

anything that moves from high concentration to a low concentration until a balance is achieved (homeostasis)
ex: food coloring spreading through a container of water

Question 5

facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

particles moving with help from proteins (high to low)

Question 6

osmosis

Answer 6

the diffusion of water

Question 7

Do diffusion and osmosis need energy to occur?

Answer 7

No. No energy is needed from the cell.

Question 8

When materials naturally move in this pattern, with no energy needed

Answer 8

Passive Transport

Question 9

Osmosis and tonicity

Answer 9

cells always contain a certain amount of water and a certain amount of dissolved particles (a ratio)

Question 10

Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 10

• a solution (outside the cell) where there is a high concentration of water and a low concentration of dissolved particles
• there is more water on the outside than inside the cell

“hypo” = below

Question 11

Results of being placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 11

• water moves INTO a cell to balance out
• the cell INCREASES in size
• if enough water moves in, an animal cell can go through CYTOLYSIS where the cell could swell and burst
• plant cells don’t burst because of the cell wall (turgor pressure)

Question 12

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 12

• a solution (outside the cell) where there is a low concentration of water and a high concentration of dissolved particles
• there is more water on the inside than outside the cell

“hyper” = above

Question 13

Results of being placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 13

• the cell DECREASES in size
• if enough water moves out, both plant and animal cells go through PLASMOLYSIS (collapsing in)
• plant cells lose turgor pressure where the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall

Question 14

Isotonic solutions

Answer 14

• a solution (outside the cell) where the ratio of water to dissolved particles is approximately the same

Question 15

Active transport

Answer 15

transport of materials in cells that require energy to be expended because materials go from high to low; minerals, salts, and larger particles are moved during active transport.

Question 16

carrier proteins

Answer 16

proteins in the plasma membrane that are used to move particles during active transport; change shape

Question 17

materials move into the cell by ENDOcytosis

Answer 17

• pinocytosis - the movement of solutes or fluids

* phagocytosis - the movement of large particles or whole cells

Question 18

Materials move out of the cell by EXOcytosis

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

the balance that a cell or organism tries to maintain with its internal and external environment
ex: sweating/shivering