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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 7 - OCD and Trauma Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - OCD and Trauma Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders are defined by repetitive thoughts and behaviors so extreme that they interfere with everyday life.

A

TRUE.

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the DSM-IV-TR, OC and related, as well as trauma disorders are put in a separate category from anxiety disorders.

A

FALSE.

OC and related, and trauma disorders are actually placed in the same category in the DSM-IV-TR. It is in the DSM-5 where new chapters for these were made.

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: OC and related, and trauma disorders have overlaps with anxiety disorders.

A

TRUE.

The authors of the DSM-5 actually placed the OC and related, and trauma disorders beside the next to the anxiety disorders to highlight that there is some overlap.

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4
Q

What is the term for repetitive thoughts and urges that are persistent and uncontrollable?

A

Obsessions.

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5
Q

What is the term for the irrestible need to engage in repetitive behaviors and mental acts?

A

Compulsions.

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6
Q

What are three characteristics of the behaviors of the three OCD conditions?

A

They are distressing, they feel uncontrollable, and they require a considerable amount of time.

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Up to a third of people with body dysmorphic disorder, and a fourth of people with hoarding disorder will meet diagnostic criteria for OCD.

A

TRUE.

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8
Q

What obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with an imagined flaw in one’s appearance?

A

Body dysmorphic disorder.

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9
Q

Which obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by acquiring an excessive number of objects and an inability to part with those objects?

A

Hoarding disorder.

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: OCD tends to begin in late adulthood.

A

FALSE.

OCD tends to begin either before age 10 or else in late adolescence/early adulthood.

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: OCD is slightly more common among men than women.

A

FALSE.

It is slightly more common among women than men.

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: More than three-quarters of people with OCD meet criteria for comorbid anxiety disorders during their lifetime, and two-thirds meet criteria for major depression.

A

TRUE.

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Body dysmorphia disorder typically begins in childhood.

A

FALSE.

It typically begins in late adolescence.

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Body dysmorphia disorder is synonymous with an eating disorder.

A

FALSE.

This is because body dysmorphia disorders do not only focus on one’s own shape and weight. They focus on appearance as well.

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15
Q

More than actually collecting and collecting items, in hoarding disorder, what is bigger problem?

A

Those with hoarding disorder abhor parting with their objects, even when others cannot see any potential value in them.

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Hoarding was not recognized as a diagnosis until the DSM-5.

A

TRUE.

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17
Q

What are the three areas in the brain which are unusually active in people with OCD?

A

The orbitofrontal cortex, the caudate nucleus, and the anterior cingulate. (Orbs Cause Neurotic Anti-Singleness)

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Heritability ranges from 60-80% in OCD.

A

FALSE.

It’s 30-50%.

19
Q

What is defined as a subjective feeling of knowing something is enough?

A

Yedasentience.

20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Trying to suppress a thought may have the paradoxical effect of inducing preoccupation with it.

A

TRUE.

21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Research has shown that people with OCD tend to believe more that thinking more about something will make it more likely to occur.

A

TRUE.

In effect, they would try to suppress the thought, but that would only end up making it more persistent.

22
Q

How are compulsions reinforced via operant conditioning?

A

These compulsions reduce the anxiety, so they do these more and more.

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Those with BDD consider the whole of the face they are looking at.

A

FALSE.

They do not consider the gestalt. They are often preoccupied with small details, features, and flaws.

24
Q

What are the most commonly-used medications for OC and related disorders?

A

Seretonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs).

25
Q

What is the most widely used psychological treatment for the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?

A

Exposure and response prevention (ERP)

26
Q

What is the main drive behind cognitive approaches to OCD?

A

Challenging people’s beliefs about what will happen if they do not engage in rituals.

27
Q

What disorder entails an extreme respone to a severe stressor, which includes increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptosm of increased arousal?

A

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

28
Q

For women, what is the most common type of trauma preceding PTSD?

A

Rape.

29
Q

In the DSM-5, what are the four major categories which the symptoms for PTSD are grouped into?

A

Intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and increased arousal and reactivity (I avoid negative alterations and positive arousals)

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the DSM-5, it is required that a person experience intense emotion a the time of the trauma.

A

FALSE.

This was stated in the DSM-IV-TR, but this is removed in the DSM-5 as many who are diagnosed with PTSD reported feeling as though they were detached from their self or emotions at the time of the trauma.

31
Q

When is acute stress disorder (ASD) diagnosed?

A

It is diagnosed when symptoms occur between 3 days and 1 month after a trauma.

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Acute stress disorder’s symptoms are fairly similar to those of PTSD, but the duration is shorter.

A

TRUE.

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Most people who go on to meet diagonstic criteria for PTSD do not experience ASD in the first month after trauma.

A

TRUE.

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Men are more likely to experience PTSD as are women.

A

FALSE.

Women are more likely to experience PTSD.

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: 1/3 of people who develop PTSD have a history of another anxiety disorder.

A

FALSE.

It is two-thirds!

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Among individuals who have been exposed to traumas, those who have been exposed to the most severe traumas will most likely develop PTSD.

A

TRUE.

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Trauas caused by humans are more likely to cause PTSD than are natural disasters.

A

TRUE.

38
Q

What part of the brain si known for its role in memories related to emotions?

A

The hippocampus.

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A larger hippocampal volume may mean a greater likelihood of developing PTSD.

A

False.

A smaller hippocampal volume corresponds to the rest of the statement.

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: According to a study about PTSD in women who experienced sexual abuse, those with high dissasociation were much more likely to have PTSD symptoms than those with low disassociation.

A

TRUE.

41
Q

When it comes to medications, what has received strong support as a treatment for PTSD?

A

Selective seretonergi reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)

42
Q

What is a type of exposure wherein a person deliberately remembers a traumatic event?

A

Imaginal exposure.

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cognitive restructuring appears to work better in treating PTSD rather than exposure therapy.

A

FALSE.

Exposure therapy appears to work better than cognitive restructuring.

44
Q

What is cognitive therapy particularly helpful in addressing when it comes to PTSD?

A

Guilt.

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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