Chapter 7 - Latin America and the Carribean Flashcards
Name all the countries in Central America?
Mexico Belize Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama
Name all the Caribbean Islands.
Cuba Jamaica The Bahamas Haiti Dominican Republic Trinidad And Tobago Puerto Rico
Name all the countries in South America?
Colombia Venezuela Ecuador Guyana Peru Chile Bolivia Argentina Uruguay Paraguay Brazil Suriname
What countries comprise the “Southern Cone”?
Argentina Chile Brazil Paraguay Uruguay
What are the features of the Gulf Of Mexico?
Important source of moisture and storms, including hurricanes.
Huge oil spill in 2010
Bordered by Us and Mexico
Recreation and tourism
Fishing
Highly biodiverse area.
What are some features of the Caribbean Sea?
When storms start to circulate, the warm sea fuels both the moisture and energy of the storms, producing devastating hurricanes.
What are the Andes Mountains and its features?
The Andes is a mountain system of South America and one of the great natural features of the Earth.
Parallel and transverse mountain ranges.
The climate and vegetation in the mountainous regions creates vertical bands of eco systems and provides a range of environments of agricultural production.
What is a rain shadow?
A phenomenon that occurs when mountains cause most of the moisture contained in the air masses passing over them to condense and fall as rain on the mountains, dry air then descends and warms creating dry conditions and deserts on the landward side of the mountains.
What is the Amazon basin?
The Amazon basin is located at the intertropical convergence zone, where moist air heats in intense sun, rises, and cools, forming clouds and high rainfall.
The Amazon Basin and and Andes Mountains are the two largest physical features in Latin America.
What is the Patagonian Shield?
A sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile.
What is the Panama Canal?
The Panama Canal cuts through the isthmus that joins North and South America and is a critical transport route for both cruise ships and cargo.
Where was Maize domesticated?
It was domesticated in Mexico from a wild grain called Teosinte.
Where were Potatoes domesticated?
In Latin America, particularly Colombia.
What is El Niño?
The periodic warming of sea-surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific off the coast of Peru that results in worldwide changes in climate, including droughts and floods.
What is La Niña?
The periodic abnormal cooling of sea-surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific off the coast of Peru that results in worldwide changes in climate, including droughts and floods that contrast with those produced by El Niño.
Where is Mexico City?
In Mexico, Central America.
Where is Caracas?
In Venezuela.
Where is Bogota?
Colombia.
Where is Quito?
Ecuador.
Where is Lima?
Peru
Where is Buenos Aires?
Argentina.
Where is La Paz?
Bolivia.
Where is Rio de Janeiro?
Brazil.
Where is Santiago?
Chile
Where is Panama City?
Panama.
Where is Managua?
Nicaragua.
Where is San Salvador?
El Salvador.
Where is Sao Paulo?
Brazil
Where is Tijuana?
Mexico
Where is Cochabamba?
Bolivia
Where is Havana?
Cuba
Where is Kingston?
Jamaica
Where is San Juan ?
Puerto Rico
Where is Port-au-Prince?
Haiti
What is Pre-Colombian?
The Pre-Colombian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant european influences on the American continent.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
An agreement to divide the world between Spain and Portugal along a north-south line 1800km west of the Cape Verde Islands.
Approved by the pope in 1494, Portugal received the area east of the line, including much of Brazil and parts of Africa, and Slain received the area to the west.
Who is Hernan Cortes?
A successor to Columbus, landed in Mexico in 1519 and went on to Conquer the Aztec empire.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The interchange of crops, animals, people, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the new world of the Americas that began with the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492.
What are the key plants domesticated in Latin America?
Amaranth Avocado Beans Cacao Corn
What is the Demographic Collapse?
The rapid die-off of indigenous populations of the Americas that began occurring in about 1500 as a result of diseases such as smallpox introduced by the Europeans to which indigenous peoples had little or no resistance.
What is Haciendas?
A large agricultural estate in colonial Latin America and Spain that grows crops for domestic consumption for cities and sometimes for export.
What is a plantation?
A large agricultural estate that is usually tropical or semitropical, monocultural and commercial or export oriented; most plantations were established during the Colonial period.
What is the Bay of Pigs?
An aggressive stance taken against the Cuban government. The US embargoed trade, and closed its embassy.
Who is Simon Bolivar?
Led northern South america to independence, regional revolts led to the formation of independent states in Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Chile and Brazil.
Who is Salvador Allende?
A socialist leader in Chile who was overthrew in 1973.
Who is Che Guevara?
A marxist revolutionary who aided Fidel Castral in the Cuban Revolution.
Who is Fidel Castro?
Led the Cuban Revolution, created a socialist state on the largest island in the Caribbean.
Who is Evo Morales?
The leader of the coco farmers, was elected as the first Indigenous president of Bolivia in 2006.
Who are the Zapatistas?
Influenced Indigenous social movements.
Struggled for recognition political power and autonomy include the Ejercito Zapatista de Liberacion znacional
Known as EZLN in Mexico.
What is the Cold War in Latin America?
As the cold war between capitalist West and and the Soviet Union intensified in the 1950s, a series of revolutions in Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, Bolivia and Nicaragua reverberated around the hemisphere and the world.
Led to Revolutions in Latin America.
Who is Pinochet?
In Chile, the military government of General Augusto Pinochet orchestrated similar “disappearances” and human rights abuses from 1973 to 1990
What is the Dirty War of Argentina?
In Argentina, the military governments so called dirty war against dissenters in the 70s killed 15000 people and forced many others to leave the country.
What is the Landless workers movement?
In Brazil, the Rural Landless Workers movement supported by an estimated 1.5 million people, organized land occupation, winning titles for 350k families and achieved significant political change when politicians sympathetic to their cause eventually won national elections.
What is the Drug Economy?
Drugs have destablizrd politics in some regions of Latin America, especially in Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru.
Latin America produces drugs that are illegal in many countries including cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and meth.
They grow drugs because of the high prices they yield.
The bulk of drug exports are controlled by powerful families in Colombia and Mexico who move drugs into United states often through Miami and La.
What is a Cartel?
A collection of independent businesses formed to regulate production, prices and marketing.
What is syncretic Religions?
The term that refers to religious practices that have co-evolved and merged with one another over the centuries.
Which decade did Latin countries gain their independence?
1820s
What is NAFTA?
North American Free Trade Agreement.
A 1994 agreement among the United States, Canada, and Mexico to reduce barriers to trade among the three countries, through, for example, reducing customs tariffs and quotas.
What are the wealthiest countries in Latin America?
Brazil Bahamas Barbados Antigua Barbuda Trinidad and Tobago Venezuela Uruguay Panama Chile
What are the poorest countries in Latin America?
Haiti
Bolivia
Honduras
Nicaragua
What are Favelas?
The Brazilian term for informal settlements in cities that lack good housing and services.
What are Barrios?
Irregular settlements found in Mexico City that surround the city.
Who were the Colonizers of Brazil?
The Portuguese
Who were the colonizers of Trinidad and Tobago?
The French
Who were the colonizers of Guyana?
The British
Who were the colonizers of Jamaica?
The British
Who were the colonizers of Haiti?
France
Who were the colonizers of the Dominican Republic?
Spain
Who were the colonizers of Cuba?
Spain
Who were the colonizers of Belize?
The British
Who were the colonizers of Puerto Rico?
Spain
Where did the Mayans occupy?
The Yucatan pennisula, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras.
Where was Quechua language spoken pre-Colombian era?
Ecuador
Peru
Where was the Inca empire located?
Cuzco, Peru.
Where was the Aztec empire located?
Central Mexico.
What is a Mestizo?
A term used in Latin America to identify a person of mixed white (European) and American Indian Ancestry.
What are Maroon Communities?
Settlements in the Caribbean and Latin America in the 1700s and 1800s created by escaped and liberated African and sometimes indigenous slaves.
