Chapter 7- Language Disorders in Early and Later Childhood

Question 0

Language disorders affect one’s language in all or some of what 3 senses?

Answer 0

1. Form (phonology, morphology, syntax)
2. Content (semantics)
3. Function (pragmatics)

Question 1

What is a language disorder?

Answer 1

When someone exhibits significant and persistent difficulties with the comprehension and/or expression of spoken/written language

Question 2

To determine whether a child has a language disorder or simply a language difference you must examine the child’s language skills relative to what 2 expectations

Answer 2

1. Normative expectations

2. Cultural expectations

Question 3

Because of the challenges in determining whether there are significant difficulties what do SLPs rely on?

Answer 3

Tests

Question 4

What term carries the connotation that children exhibiting problems with language achievements are getting a late start and can be expected to catch up?

Answer 4

Language delay

Question 5

The gap between children with normal development and those with language disorders tends to _______ over time.

Answer 5

widen

Question 6

What is the Matthew effect?

Answer 6

“The rich get richer and the poor get poorer”

Question 7

Do children with language disorders often times catch up with other children in time?

Answer 7

No; they fall farther behind

Question 8

What two terms are preferred for children who are experiencing significant challenges in language development relative to other children?

Answer 8

Language disorder and Language impairment

Question 9

What does the term specific learning disability describe?

Answer 9

Children with substantial and persisting problems in reading, writing, and mathematics

Question 10

What is the most common type of communication impairment affecting children?

Answer 10

Language disorders

Question 11

What percentage of toddlers are late talkers?

Answer 11

15%

Question 12

What is a primary disorder of language?

Answer 12

A language disorder in the absence of any other significant disability

Question 13

What is secondary disorder of language?

Answer 13

A language disorder that is the result of other intellectual or developmental disorders or of a brain injury

Question 14

What does etiology mean?

Answer 14

Cause

Question 15

What type of language disorder is present from birth?

Answer 15

Developmental language disorder

Question 16

What type of language disorder is experienced sometime after birth?

Answer 16

Acquired language disorder

Question 17

What is one of the few types of language disorders that are totally preventable?

Answer 17

Shaken baby syndrome

Question 18

When children only have trouble with speaking language what type of language disorder do they have?

Answer 18

Specific expressive language disorder (SELD)

Question 19

What type of language disorder do children have when they have problems with both expression and comprehension?

Answer 19

Mixed receptive-expressive disorder

Question 20

Form refers to what components of communication?

Answer 20

Morphology, syntax, phonology

Question 21

Content refers to what component of communication?

Answer 21

Semantics

Question 22

Use refers to what component of communication?

Answer 22

Pragmatics

Question 23

A disorder affecting only one domain is a _________ disorder.

Answer 23

Focal

Question 24

A disorder affecting multiple domains is a __________ disorder.

Answer 24

Diffuse

Question 25

A diffuse/focal disorder is less likely to resolve itself and is viewed as more serious?

Answer 25

Diffuse

Question 26

T/F Children with language disorders are not highly susceptible to having difficulties with reading and writing.

Answer 26

False: they ARE highly susceptible

Question 27

What is decoding?

Answer 27

Applying the alphabetic principle to identify the spoken word that corresponds with a written word

Question 28

What is the alphabetic principle?

Answer 28

The understanding that speech and print correspond in a predictable and systematic fashion.

Question 29

What is it called when children simultaneously draw meaning from the text and construct meaning based on their prior knowledge and experiences?

Answer 29

Reading comprehension

Question 30

What is based on the extent to which a disorder hinders a child's ability to use language for functional purposes?

Answer 30

Severity

Question 31

What type of language disorder describes a significant impairment of expressive or receptive language in preschool or school age children that cannot be attributed to any other causal condition?

Answer 31

Specific language impairment

Question 32

Why is the language profile of children with SLI difficult to capture?

Answer 32

The children are a diverse group

Question 33

What is the cause of SLI?

Answer 33

There is no known cause

Question 34

What is the current view on how children get SLI's?

Answer 34

Biological or genetic factors predispose a child to it

Question 35

What is an umbrella term describing a variety of developmental conditions that are characterized by significant difficulties in social interactions and communication?

Answer 35

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Question 36

What are the 4 conditions to be met to be diagnosed with ASD?

Answer 36

1- symptoms must emerge during childhood 2- symptoms must affect everyday functioning 3- symptoms must include problems with social communication/interaction 4- symptoms must include restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior

Question 37

Children with relatively modest impairments in social communication are typically diagnosed with what?

Answer 37

Asperger's Syndrome

Question 38

ASDs are currently viewed as neurobiological disorders resulting from what?

Answer 38

An organic brain abnormality

Question 39

What is anoxia?

Answer 39

Lack of oxygen to the child's brain

Question 40

What is encephalitis?

Answer 40

Inflammation of the brain

Question 41

Is there a link between the MMR vaccine and risk of autism?

Answer 41

NO

Question 42

What is it called when a child has a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind?

Answer 42

Intellectual disability

Question 43

What term is also used to describe children with IDDs?

Answer 43

Developmental delay

Question 44

We can view IDDs as what type of disorder?

Answer 44

Cognitive-adaptive disorder

Question 45

Children with (mild/moderate/severe/profound) intellectual disorders would have trouble understanding idiomatic expressions (hit the books) or abstract notions (liberty or cooperation)

Answer 45

Mild

Question 46

The language skills of children and adolescents with Down syndrome tend to be characterized by what type of sentences and what type of speech?

Answer 46

SHORT sentences and A SLOW RATE of speech

Question 47

When considering the language achievements of individuals with intellectual disability, it is important to note whether the disability is _________ or _________.

Answer 47

Static or progressive

Question 48

What does it mean when a intellectually disability is static?

Answer 48

It will typically show a steady slow rate of language developement

Question 49

Down syndrome is a static or progressive intellectual disability?

Answer 49

Static

Question 50

A child with a progressive intellectual disorder will have what kind of language development?

Answer 50

Regressive over time

Question 51

Serious brain injuries can result from what three things?

Answer 51

1- infection 2- disease 3- physical trauma

Question 52

Who are at the greatest risk of TBIs (traumatic brain injuries)?

Answer 52

Young children, adolescent males, and the elderly

Question 53

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) used for?

Answer 53

To show the level of consciousness the injured patient experiences after the injury as well as during subsequent monitoring.

Question 54

What is the most common TBI?

Answer 54

Closed-head injury (CHI)