Chapter 7- Language Disorders in Early and Later Childhood Flashcards
Language disorders affect one’s language in all or some of what 3 senses?
- Form (phonology, morphology, syntax)
- Content (semantics)
- Function (pragmatics)
What is a language disorder?
When someone exhibits significant and persistent difficulties with the comprehension and/or expression of spoken/written language
To determine whether a child has a language disorder or simply a language difference you must examine the child’s language skills relative to what 2 expectations
- Normative expectations
2. Cultural expectations
Because of the challenges in determining whether there are significant difficulties what do SLPs rely on?
Tests
What term carries the connotation that children exhibiting problems with language achievements are getting a late start and can be expected to catch up?
Language delay
The gap between children with normal development and those with language disorders tends to _______ over time.
widen
What is the Matthew effect?
“The rich get richer and the poor get poorer”
Do children with language disorders often times catch up with other children in time?
No; they fall farther behind
What two terms are preferred for children who are experiencing significant challenges in language development relative to other children?
Language disorder and Language impairment
What does the term specific learning disability describe?
Children with substantial and persisting problems in reading, writing, and mathematics
What is the most common type of communication impairment affecting children?
Language disorders
What percentage of toddlers are late talkers?
15%
What is a primary disorder of language?
A language disorder in the absence of any other significant disability
What is secondary disorder of language?
A language disorder that is the result of other intellectual or developmental disorders or of a brain injury
What does etiology mean?
Cause
What type of language disorder is present from birth?
Developmental language disorder
What type of language disorder is experienced sometime after birth?
Acquired language disorder
What is one of the few types of language disorders that are totally preventable?
Shaken baby syndrome
When children only have trouble with speaking language what type of language disorder do they have?
Specific expressive language disorder (SELD)
What type of language disorder do children have when they have problems with both expression and comprehension?
Mixed receptive-expressive disorder
Form refers to what components of communication?
Morphology, syntax, phonology
Content refers to what component of communication?
Semantics
Use refers to what component of communication?
Pragmatics
A disorder affecting only one domain is a _________ disorder.
Focal
A disorder affecting multiple domains is a __________ disorder.
Diffuse
A diffuse/focal disorder is less likely to resolve itself and is viewed as more serious?
Diffuse
T/F Children with language disorders are not highly susceptible to having difficulties with reading and writing.
False: they ARE highly susceptible
What is decoding?
Applying the alphabetic principle to identify the spoken word that corresponds with a written word
What is the alphabetic principle?
The understanding that speech and print correspond in a predictable and systematic fashion.
What is it called when children simultaneously draw meaning from the text and construct meaning based on their prior knowledge and experiences?
Reading comprehension
What is based on the extent to which a disorder hinders a child’s ability to use language for functional purposes?
Severity
What type of language disorder describes a significant impairment of expressive or receptive language in preschool or school age children that cannot be attributed to any other causal condition?
Specific language impairment
Why is the language profile of children with SLI difficult to capture?
The children are a diverse group
What is the cause of SLI?
There is no known cause
What is the current view on how children get SLI’s?
Biological or genetic factors predispose a child to it
What is an umbrella term describing a variety of developmental conditions that are characterized by significant difficulties in social interactions and communication?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
What are the 4 conditions to be met to be diagnosed with ASD?
1- symptoms must emerge during childhood
2- symptoms must affect everyday functioning
3- symptoms must include problems with social communication/interaction
4- symptoms must include restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior
Children with relatively modest impairments in social communication are typically diagnosed with what?
Asperger’s Syndrome
ASDs are currently viewed as neurobiological disorders resulting from what?
An organic brain abnormality
What is anoxia?
Lack of oxygen to the child’s brain
What is encephalitis?
Inflammation of the brain
Is there a link between the MMR vaccine and risk of autism?
NO
What is it called when a child has a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind?
Intellectual disability
What term is also used to describe children with IDDs?
Developmental delay
We can view IDDs as what type of disorder?
Cognitive-adaptive disorder
Children with (mild/moderate/severe/profound) intellectual disorders would have trouble understanding idiomatic expressions (hit the books) or abstract notions (liberty or cooperation)
Mild
The language skills of children and adolescents with Down syndrome tend to be characterized by what type of sentences and what type of speech?
SHORT sentences and A SLOW RATE of speech
When considering the language achievements of individuals with intellectual disability, it is important to note whether the disability is _________ or _________.
Static or progressive
What does it mean when a intellectually disability is static?
It will typically show a steady slow rate of language developement
Down syndrome is a static or progressive intellectual disability?
Static
A child with a progressive intellectual disorder will have what kind of language development?
Regressive over time
Serious brain injuries can result from what three things?
1- infection
2- disease
3- physical trauma
Who are at the greatest risk of TBIs (traumatic brain injuries)?
Young children, adolescent males, and the elderly
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) used for?
To show the level of consciousness the injured patient experiences after the injury as well as during subsequent monitoring.
What is the most common TBI?
Closed-head injury (CHI)
