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IS 323 > Chapter 7: IT Infrastructure > Flashcards

Chapter 7: IT Infrastructure Flashcards

1
Q

Information Technology Infrastructure

A

Shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firm’s specific information system applications. Hardware, software, and service

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2
Q

Mainframe

A

Computer with a powerful operating system that could provide time sharing, multitasking, and virtual memory in more advanced models

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3
Q

Minicomputers

A

Powerful machines at far lower prices than IBM mainframes, making possible decentralized computing, customized to the specific needs of individual departments or business units rather than time sharing on a single huge mainframe

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4
Q

Wintel PC

A

Windows operating system software on a computer with an Intel microprocessor. The standard desktop personal computer

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5
Q

Client/ server Computing

A

Desktop or laptop computers called clients are networked to powerful server computers that provide the client computers with a variety of services and capabilities

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6
Q

Multitired (N-tier) Client/Server Architectures

A

The work of an entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested

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7
Q

Web Server

A

Responsible for locating and managing stored Web pages

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8
Q

Application Server

A

Software that handles all application operations between a user and an organization’s back-end business systems

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9
Q

Cloud Computing

A

A model of computing that provides access to a shared pool of computing resources (computers, storage, applications, and services) over a network, often the Internet

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10
Q

Moore’s Law

A

Three variations of Moore’s Law, none of which Moore ever stated:

  1. The power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months
  2. Computing power doubles every 18 months
  3. The price of computing falls by half every 18 months
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11
Q

Nanotechnology

A

Uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit

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12
Q

Technology Standards

A

The way technology can communicate and is compatible with one another

Specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network

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13
Q

IT Infrastructure Ecosystem

A 
Internet Platform
Computer Hardware Platforms 
Operating Systems Platforms 
Enterprise Software Applications
Networking/Telecommunications 
Consultants and System Integrators
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14
Q

Blade Servers

A

Ultrathin computers consisting of a circuit board with processors, memory, and network connections that are stored in racks

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15
Q

Storage Area Networks (SANs)

A

Connect multiple storage devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage

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16
Q

Web Hosting Services

A

Maintains a large Web servers, or series of servers, and provides fee-paying subscribers with a space to maintain their Web sites

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17
Q

Legacy Systems

A

Generally older transaction processing systems created for mainframe computers that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning them

18
Q

Grid Computing

A

Connecting geographically remote computers into a single network it creates a virtual supercomputer by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid

19
Q

Virtualization

A

The process of presenting a set of computing resources (such as computing power or data storage) so that they can call be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location

20
Q

Public Cloud

A

Maintained by an external server provider, such as Amazon Web Services, accessed through the Internet, and available to the general public

21
Q

Private Cloud

A

A proprietary network or a data center that ties together servers, storage, networks, data, and applications as a set of virtualized services that are shared by users inside a company

22
Q

Utility Computing/On-Demand Computing

A

Companies purchase their computing services from remote providers and pay only for the amount of computing power they actually use or are billed on a monthly or annual subscription basis

23
Q

Green Computing/ Green IT

A

Refers to the practices and technologies for designing, and associated devices such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communication systems to minimize impact on the environment

24
Q

Autonomic Computing

A

An industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction

25
Q

Multicore Processor

A

An integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks

26
Q

Open Source Software

A

Software produced by a community of several hundred thousand programmers around the world

27
Q

Web Browser

A

An easy to use software tool with a graphical user interface for displaying web pages and for accessing the web and other Internet resources

28
Q

Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

A

Web development technique for creating interactive web applications that prevent all of this inconvenience

29
Q

Web Services

A

Refers to a set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages

30
Q

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

A

Language developed by the World Wide Consortium as a more powerful an flexible markup language than HTML for web pages

31
Q

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

A

A page description language for specifying how text, graphics, video, sound, are placed on a Web page document

32
Q

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

A

A set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application

Little language that links the two different parts together (talking with each other to work)

33
Q

Software Package

A

A pre written commercially available set of software programs that eliminates the need for a firm to write its own software programs for certain functions, such as payroll processing or order handling

34
Q

Outsourcing

A

Software outsourcing enables a firm to contract custom software development or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms, which often operate offshore in low-wage areas of the world

35
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

Services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a web-based service

36
Q

Service Level Agreement (SLA)

A

A formal contract between customers and their service providers that defines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer

37
Q

Mashups

A

Individual users and entire companies mix and match these software components to create their own customized applications and to share information with others

38
Q

Apps

A

Small pieces of software that run on the Internet, on your computer, or on your cell phone and are generally delivered over the Internet

39
Q

Scalability

A

Refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a large number of users without breaking down

40
Q

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

A

Used to analyze direct and indirect costs to help firms determine the actual cost of specific technology implementations

41
Q

Your Firm’s IT Services and Infrastructure (Internal/External Forces)

A

External Market Factors:

  1. Market demand for your firm’s customer services, supplier services, and enterprise services
  2. Competitor firm’s IT infrastructure investments
  3. Competitor firm’s IT services

Internal Factors:

  1. Your firm’s business strategy
  2. Your firm’s IT strategy, infrastructure, and costs
  3. Information Technology

IS 323 (5 decks)

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