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CHM020 -Ana. Chem > Chapter 7: Introduction to Ana Chem > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Introduction to Ana Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

is the science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of matter

A

Analytical Chemistry

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2
Q

Application of Analytical chemistry

A

applied throughout industry, medicine, and all the sciences

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3
Q

reveals the identity of the elements and compounds in a sample.

A

Qualitative analysis

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4
Q

indicates the amount of each substance in a sample.

A

Quantitative analysis

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5
Q

Qualitative or quantitative : Test for protein

A

Qualitative

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6
Q

Qualitative or quantitative : Iodine test for starch, color of the solution indicates the presence of starch

A

Qualitative

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7
Q

Qualitative or quantitative : Iodine test for starch, measuring the light that passes through a sample.

A

Quantitative

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8
Q

a chemical substance that is the subject of a chemical analysis

A

Analyte

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9
Q

The results of a typical quantitative analysis are computed from two measurements:

A
  1. Mass or the volume of the sample to be analyzed.
  2. the measurement of some quantity that is proportional to the amount of analyte.
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10
Q

Quantitative analytical methods (classification)

A
  1. Gravimetric Methods
  2. Volumetric methods
  3. Eletroanalytical methods
  4. Spectroscopic methods
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11
Q

determine the mass of the analyte or some
compound chemically related to it.

A

Gravimetric methods

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12
Q

Gravimetric methods is based on the principle of?

A
  • Precipitation or volatilization methods
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13
Q

steps in Gravimetric method

A

a. Weighing the sample to be analyze
b. Dissolving this sample in water
c. Adding suitable chemical to form a precipitate.
d. Filtering to collect the precipitate
e. Repeated drying and weighing (until a constant mass of precipitate is obtained)

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14
Q

determine the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte.

A

Volumetric methods

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15
Q

measurement of the volume of a solution of known concentration

A

Titrant

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16
Q

involve the measurement of such
electrical properties as voltage, current, resistance, and quantity of electrical charge

A

Eletroanalytical methods

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17
Q

Electrical properties used to measure

A
  • voltage
  • current
  • resistance
  • quantity of electrical charge
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18
Q

are based on measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules

A

Spectroscopic methods

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19
Q

Electro magnetic spectrum from lowest to highest

A
  • Radio
  • Microwave
  • Infrared
  • Visible
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-ray
  • Gamma Ray
20
Q

10^3

A

Radiowave

21
Q

10^-2

A

Microwave

22
Q

10^-5

A

Infrared

23
Q

10^-6

A

Visible

24
Q

10^-8

A

Ultraviolet

25
Q

10^-10

A

X-Ray

26
Q

10^-12

A

Gamma Ray

27
Q

General Steps in Quantiative analysis

A
  1. Select Method
  2. Acquire sample
  3. Process sample
28
Q

Picking a method steps

A
  1. Consider in the selection process is the level of accuracy required.
  2. Second consideration to economic factors is the number of samples to be analyze
  3. The complexity of the sample and the number of components in the sample.
29
Q

Acquiring the sample steps

A

Sampling, obtaining a small mass of materal whose composition represents tha bulk

30
Q

involves obtaining a small mass of a material

A

Sampling

31
Q

if its constituent parts can be distinguished visually or with the aid of a microscope

A

A material is heterogeneous

32
Q

is the process of determining how much of a given sample is the material indicated by its name.

A

Assay

33
Q

Processing the sample

A
  • Preparation of a laboratory sample.
  • Defining replicate samples
  • Preparing solutions
34
Q

Steps of preparing a laboratory sample: Solid

A
  • Ground to decrease particle size, mixed to ensure homogeneity, and stored for various lengths of time before analysis
  • To Dry the samples before starting analysis (due to loss or gain of water changes in solid)
35
Q

are subject to solvent evaporation.

A

Liquid Samples

36
Q

are portions of a material of approximately the same size that are carried through an analytical procedure at the same time and in the same way.

A

Replicates or replicate sample

37
Q

Replicate samples analytical procedure are …..

A

carried at the same time and in the same way

38
Q

improves the quality of the results and provides a measure of their reliability.

A

Replication

39
Q

are performed on the results to establish their reliability

A

Statistical tests

40
Q

Steps in preparing solutions

A
  1. Solvent should dissolve the entire samle
  2. The sample may require heating with aqueous solutions.
  3. It may be necessary to ignight the sample in or oxygen or perfrom high-temp fusion.
41
Q

Species other than the analyte that affect the final measurement

A

Interferences or interferents

42
Q

Techniques or reactions that work for only one analyte are said to be

A

Specific

43
Q

Techniques or reactions that apply for only a few analytes are

A

selective

44
Q

is all of the components in the sample containing an analyte

A

Matrix or sample matrix

45
Q

General steps in quantitative analysis

A
  1. Select method
  2. Acquire sample
  3. Process sample

CHM020 -Ana. Chem (4 decks)

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