Chapter 7 Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Question 1

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is a related to problems with the

Answer 1

Basal ganglia control (extrapyramidal problems)

Question 2

Hypokinetic Dysarthria is most often associated with which degenerative disease?

Answer 2

Parkinson’s

Question 3

Hypokinetic Dysarthria reflects characteristics due to

Answer 3

• rigidity
• reduced range of motion
• reduced force of movement
• may be slow movements
• may be quick speech movements

Question 4

Function of the basal ganglia

Answer 4

• facilitates movement
• regulates muscle tone
• regulates movements that support goal-directed movements
• controls postural adjustments in skilled movements
• Inhibits unnecessary movements

Question 5

Damage to the basal ganglia control circuit can result in two types of problems:

Answer 5

Reduced movement

reduced inhibition of involuntary movements

Question 6

Neurotransmitter associated with basal ganglia functioning

Answer 6

dopamine produced in the substantia nigra then sent to the striatum (caudate nucleus & putamen)

Question 7

Dopamine

Answer 7

is a inhibitory mechanism,

Question 8

% of Parkinson’s Patients with HD

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

Classic Non Speech signs of PD

Answer 9

• Tremor at rest
• Pill rolling (finger mvmt)
• Rigidity (cogwheel)
• Bradykinesia (false/frozen mvmt)
• Hypokinesia (reduced mvmt)
• Posture problems

Question 10

Non speech Hypokinesia Characteristics

Answer 10

• masked expressions of the face with unblinking eyes
• reduced arm swing
• micrographia
• festination (slow walk fast shuffle)

Question 11

Hypokinetic Dysarthria Etiologies

Answer 11

Anything that can cause damage to the basal ganglia

Question 12

Degenerative Etiologies

Answer 12

Parkinson’s
Alzheimer’s
Pick’s

Question 13

Vascular Etiologies

Answer 13

• Multiple strokes affecting basal ganglia (vascular parkinsonism)
• Cerebral hypoxia (lack of O2)

Question 14

Toxic-Metabolic Etiologies

Answer 14

Antipsychotic drugs that block dopamine receptors

Question 15

Trauma Etiologies

Answer 15

TBI/ repeated head trauma to the substantia nigra

stereotactic ventrolateral thalamotomy

Question 16

Infectious Etiologies

Answer 16

Viral Encephalitis (MMRs)

Question 17

Patient Complaints

Answer 17

• Weak/quiet voice
• Speech rate is too fast
• words are imprecise and flat emotion tone
• difficulty starting speech
• may stutter/repeat
• fatigue has negative effect on speech
• swallowing and drooling problems
• stiff upper lip due to rigidity

Question 18

Non Speech Clinical Findings

Answer 18

• Mask like face, unsmiling, unblinking
• Reduced mvmt of chest and abdomen while breathing
• drooling due to saliva accumulation from not swallowing
• head may not accompany eye movement
• tremor of jaw/lips at rest and while potruded
• Flat affect inconsistent with patient’s emotional state

Question 19

Speech Clinical Findings

Answer 19

• monopitch/monoloudness
• reduced loudness
• reduced stress
• short rushes of speech
• overall increased rate of speech
• harsh breathy voice quality
• imprecise consonants
• difficulty initiating speech
• rapid blurred AMRs
• may have tremor on vowel prolongation
• palilalia

Question 20

Best distinguishing speech characteristics

Answer 20

Fast rate
short rushes of speech
reduced stress
monotone/monoloudness
inappropriate silences
breathiness