Chapter 7 (Human Resources)

Question 1

Human Resource Management

Answer 1

consists of all the actions that an organization takes to attract, develop, and retain quality employees

Question 2

Human Resource Planning

Answer 2

the process of developing a plan for satisfying the organization’s human resource needs

Question 3

Job Description

Answer 3

lists the duties and responsibilities of a position

Question 4

Jon Specification

Answer 4

lists the qualifications—skills, knowledge, and abilities—needed to perform the job

Question 5

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Answer 5

managers must comply with anti-discrimination laws

Question 6

Orientation

Answer 6

the process of introducing new employees to their jobs and to the company

Question 7

Ensuring a diverse workforce is good business because:

Answer 7

a diverse group of employees can bring fresh points of view that may be valuable in generating ideas and solving problems. Also it can help to connect to a ethnically diverse customer base

Question 8

Job Rotation

Answer 8

allows employees to rotate from one job to another on a systematic basis

Question 9

Job Enlargement

Answer 9

enhances a job by adding tasks at similar skill levels

Question 10

Job Enrichment

Answer 10

adds tasks that increase both responsibility and opportunity for growth

Question 11

Flextime

Answer 11

allows employees to designate starting and quitting times, compress workweeks, or perform part-time work

Question 12

Job-sharing

Answer 12

two people share one full-time position

Question 13

Telecommuting

Answer 13

working from home. Many employers also offer dependent care, paid leave for new parents, employee-assistance programs, and on-site fitness centers

Question 14

Commissions

Answer 14

salaries based on sales or are paid for output, based on a piecework approach

Question 15

Profit-Sharing Plans

Answer 15

use predetermined formulas to distribute a share of company profits among employees

Question 16

Benefits

Answer 16

compensation other than salaries, wages, or financial incentives. Benefits may include paid time off, insurance, and retirement benefits

Question 17

Three Steps to Performance Appraisals:

Answer 17

1. Setting goals and performance expectations and specifying the criteria for measuring performance
   
   2. Completing written evaluations to rate performance according to predetermined criteria
   3. Meeting with employees to discuss evaluations and ways to improve performance

Question 18

Turnover

Answer 18

the permanent separation of an employee from a company

Question 19

Five Steps for Retaining Employees:

Answer 19

1. Providing appropriate training and development
   
   2. Helping employees achieve a satisfying work/non-work balance in their lives
   3. Creating a positive work environment
   4. Recognizing employee efforts
   5. Involving employees in decision making

Question 20

Downsize

Answer 20

to cut costs by eliminating jobs

Question 21

Employment-at-Will

Answer 21

no written employment contract, an employer can end it at any time

Question 22

Union Local

Answer 22

serve workers in a particular geographical area

Question 23

National Unions

Answer 23

assist with local contract negotiations and negotiate industry-wide contracts

Question 24

Labor Federation

Answer 24

provides assistance to member unions and serves as the principal political organ for organized labor (AFL-CIO)

Question 25

Collective Bargaining

Answer 25

process when there’s a discrepancy between what workers want in terms of salary increases, benefits, working conditions, and job security and what management is willing to give

Question 26

Meditation

Answer 26

an impartial third party makes recommendations for reaching an agreement

Question 27

Arbitration

Answer 27

the third party imposes a binding agreement

Question 28

Grievances

Answer 28

complaints over contract-related matters that are resolved by union representatives and employee supervisors

Question 29

Labor Strike

Answer 29

workers leave their jobs until the issue is settled

Question 30

Picketing

Answer 30

workers congregate outside the workplace to publicize their position

Question 31

Boycotting

Answer 31

workers and other consumers are urged to refrain from buying an employer’s products

Question 32

Lockout

Answer 32

closing the workplace to workers

Question 33

Strikebreakers

Answer 33

nonunion workers who are willing to cross picket lines to replace strikers

Question 34

Anti-Discrimination statutes (4):

Answer 34

1. Title VII of CRA of 1964 2. Equal Pay Act of 1963 3. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1964 4. Title I & Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Question 35

Contingent Workers

Answer 35

hired to supplement a company’s permanent workforce

Question 36

Benefits to using contingent workers (5):

Answer 36

``` Hired/Fired Easily Control of Labor Costs Often Cheaper/No Benefits Specialized Skills/Talents “Try Out” ```

Question 37

Disadvantages of using contingent workers (2):

Answer 37

Increased training costs | Decreased loyalty to the company

Question 38

Expectancy Theory

Answer 38

proposes...employees will work hard to earn rewards...they value and...consider obtainable

Question 39

Equity Theory

Answer 39

motivation…which focuses on our perceptions of how fairly we’re treated relative to others

Question 40

360 degree feedback

Answer 40

Employees (mostly managers) get feedback from all directions

Question 41

Upward Feedback

Answer 41

Manager’s subordinates participate

Question 42

Functions of HR Managers (6):

Answer 42

``` -Plan for staff needs • Recruit and hiring • Train and motivate • Evaluation • Compensation • Termination and Repositioning ```

Question 43

Workforce Profile

Answer 43

database of all employees