chapter 7 (human memory)

Question 1

what are the three main processes of memory?

Answer 1

encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 2

which type of memory holds information for less than a second?

Answer 2

sensory memory

Question 3

which part of the brain is most critical for forming new long-term memories?

Answer 3

hippocampus

Question 4

what type of memory interference occurs when old information hinders new learning?

Answer 4

proactive interference

Question 5

what are the three memory stores?

Answer 5

sensory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Question 6

what is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Answer 6

when you feel like you know something but cannot recall it at the moment

Question 7

what is context reinstatement?

Answer 7

thinking of the environment where an event occurred to aid retrieval

Question 8

what is it called when you have memory distortion cause by misleading information?

Answer 8

misinformation effect

Question 9

what role does the amygdala play in memory?

Answer 9

procesesses emotional information

Question 10

what is anterograde amnesia?

Answer 10

inability to form new memories

Question 11

what type of amnesia leads to the inability to recall old memories while still forming new ones?

Answer 11

retrograde amnesia

Question 12

what is global amnesia

Answer 12

a condition where all memory processes are affected

Question 13

what are the three encoding levels?

Answer 13

structural, phonemic, semantic

Question 14

which structure is responsible for processing, retaining, and retrieving information?

Answer 14

prefrontal cortex

Question 15

__________ is a memory store with a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive

Answer 15

short term memory - “working memory”

Question 16

what are flashbulb memories?

Answer 16

highly vivid and detailed memories of emotionally significant events

Question 17

what is episodic memory?

Answer 17

long term - memory of personal experiences, including when and where they occurred

Question 18

what is semantic memory?

Answer 18

long term memory - general knowledge

Question 19

what is ineffective coding?

Answer 19

do not focus or process information deeply enough

Question 20

if you learn something in a classroom; you might better remember in that classroom

Answer 20

encoding specificity principle

Question 21

what role do context cues play in overcoming the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Answer 21

recreate the original environment of encoding

Question 22

at what processing depth is structural encoding?

Answer 22

shallow processing

Question 23

focusing on the sounds of the word or other stimulus; intermediate processing

Answer 23

phonemic coding

Question 24

clustering, conceptual hierarchies, schemas, scripts, semantic network

Answer 24

organization of long term memory

Question 25

conceptual hierarchy

Answer 25

things are grouped based on shared traits

Question 26

schemas

Answer 26

blueprint created based on past experiences

Question 27

which memory stage is involved in how info is pulled back out of memory?

Answer 27

stage 3: retrieval

Question 28

elaboration, visual imagery, self-referent encoding

Answer 28

techniques that enrich encoding

Question 29

what are semantic networks?

Answer 29

webs of interconnected ideas

Question 30

brain area that is involved in memory for physical tasks

Answer 30

cerebellum

Question 31

what is sins of omission?

Answer 31

cannot bring memory to mind

Question 32

transcience

Answer 32

memories fade over time especially

Question 33

absentmindedness

Answer 33

not paying attention

Question 34

blocking

Answer 34

you know the memory is there but can not access it at the moment

Question 35

what is sins of commission?

Answer 35

memory errors where a person recalls information inaccurately or remembers things they forgot

Question 36

misattribution

Answer 36

remember something but confuse where it or how it happened

Question 37

bias

Answer 37

your current feelings or knowledge affect how you remember past events

Question 38

persistence

Answer 38

memories we can’t forget even if we try