chapter 7 (human memory) Flashcards
what are the three main processes of memory?
encoding, storage, retrieval
which type of memory holds information for less than a second?
sensory memory
which part of the brain is most critical for forming new long-term memories?
hippocampus
what type of memory interference occurs when old information hinders new learning?
proactive interference
what are the three memory stores?
sensory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
what is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
when you feel like you know something but cannot recall it at the moment
what is context reinstatement?
thinking of the environment where an event occurred to aid retrieval
what is it called when you have memory distortion cause by misleading information?
misinformation effect
what role does the amygdala play in memory?
procesesses emotional information
what is anterograde amnesia?
inability to form new memories
what type of amnesia leads to the inability to recall old memories while still forming new ones?
retrograde amnesia
what is global amnesia
a condition where all memory processes are affected
what are the three encoding levels?
structural, phonemic, semantic
which structure is responsible for processing, retaining, and retrieving information?
prefrontal cortex
__________ is a memory store with a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive
short term memory - “working memory”
what are flashbulb memories?
highly vivid and detailed memories of emotionally significant events
what is episodic memory?
long term - memory of personal experiences, including when and where they occurred
what is semantic memory?
long term memory - general knowledge
what is ineffective coding?
do not focus or process information deeply enough
if you learn something in a classroom; you might better remember in that classroom
encoding specificity principle
what role do context cues play in overcoming the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?
recreate the original environment of encoding
at what processing depth is structural encoding?
shallow processing
focusing on the sounds of the word or other stimulus; intermediate processing
phonemic coding
clustering, conceptual hierarchies, schemas, scripts, semantic network
organization of long term memory
conceptual hierarchy
things are grouped based on shared traits
schemas
blueprint created based on past experiences
which memory stage is involved in how info is pulled back out of memory?
stage 3: retrieval
elaboration, visual imagery, self-referent encoding
techniques that enrich encoding
what are semantic networks?
webs of interconnected ideas
brain area that is involved in memory for physical tasks
cerebellum
what is sins of omission?
cannot bring memory to mind
transcience
memories fade over time especially
absentmindedness
not paying attention
blocking
you know the memory is there but can not access it at the moment
what is sins of commission?
memory errors where a person recalls information inaccurately or remembers things they forgot
misattribution
remember something but confuse where it or how it happened
bias
your current feelings or knowledge affect how you remember past events
persistence
memories we can’t forget even if we try
