Chapter 7 Highlights

Question 1

Productive cough with purulent sputum=

Answer 1

infection

Question 2

non-purulent sputum =

Answer 2

airway irritation

Question 3

Apneustic:

Answer 3

gasping inspiration with short expiration

Question 4

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 4

characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea.

Question 5

Pleural Pain

Answer 5

Alleviated by lying on the affected side = auto-splinting

Question 6

• Peripheral portion of diaphragmatic pleura

Answer 6

sharp pain along costal margins/lumbar region

Question 7

Central diaphragmatic pleura

Answer 7

sharp pain in upper trap and shoulder on ipsilateral side

Question 8

central chemoreceptors respond to increases in ____ and decreases in ____ in CSF.

Answer 8

CO2 and pH

Question 9

Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

Answer 9

low arterial blood oxygen (COPD

Question 10

< 7.35 =

Answer 10

acidosis

Question 11

> 7.45=

Answer 11

alkalosis

Question 12

Respiratory acidosis:

Answer 12

Hypoventilation, can cause hyperkalemia and cardiac changes

Question 13

Respiratory alkalosis:

Answer 13

Hyperventilation, muscle tetany and convulsions, numbness and tingling of face and fingers

Question 14

COPD

Answer 14

Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in smokers

Question 15

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

Persistent cough with production of sputum

Question 16

Emphysema Tx involves

Answer 16

routine progressive exercise, pursed-lip breathing and cessation of smoking

Question 17

status asthmaticus

Answer 17

severe bronchospasms -> acute cor pulmonale (bp drop of more than 10 mmHg)

Question 18

Risk factors for pneumonia:

Answer 18

○ immunocompromised
○ older or bedridden due to limited mobility
○ Pneumocystis carinii is common in pt’s c AIDS (used to indicate HIV has progressed to AIDS)

Question 19

TB of the spine is termed

Answer 19

Pott’s disease and may result in compression fracture

Question 20

Systemic Sclerosis Lung Disease (restrictive)

Answer 20

○ skin changes preceding visceral alterations (sclerodactyly)
○ interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis is most common pulmonary manifestation

Question 21

Lung cancer

Answer 21

S/S often silent until advanced stage. May appear initially as chest, shoulder, or arm pain.

Question 22

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 22

Defect in CF transmembrane conductance regulator that provides a channel for chloride to pass in/out

Question 23

byssinosis (brown lung disease)

Answer 23

caused by dust from hemp, flax, and cotton processing results in chronic obstruction and impaired lung function

Question 24

Risk factors for PE

Answer 24

• Blood stasis
• Endothelial injury
• Hypercoaguable state

Question 25

Cor pulmonale

Answer 25

Hematocrit is increased as body tries to compensate for impaired circulation by making more erythrocytes

Question 26

Pleurisy- inflammation of the pleura

Answer 26

Aggavated by breathing, coughing, laughing

Question 27

Abrupt onset of dyspnea in healthy person:

Answer 27

raises suspcicion of a spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 28

When air enters pulmonary cavity, the lung collapses, causes shift of tissues and organs

Answer 28

to unaffected side