Chapter 7 Highlights Flashcards
Productive cough with purulent sputum=
infection
non-purulent sputum =
airway irritation
Apneustic:
gasping inspiration with short expiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea.
Pleural Pain
Alleviated by lying on the affected side = auto-splinting
• Peripheral portion of diaphragmatic pleura
sharp pain along costal margins/lumbar region
Central diaphragmatic pleura
sharp pain in upper trap and shoulder on ipsilateral side
central chemoreceptors respond to increases in ____ and decreases in ____ in CSF.
CO2 and pH
Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to
low arterial blood oxygen (COPD
< 7.35 =
acidosis
> 7.45=
alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis:
Hypoventilation, can cause hyperkalemia and cardiac changes
Respiratory alkalosis:
Hyperventilation, muscle tetany and convulsions, numbness and tingling of face and fingers
COPD
Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in smokers
Chronic bronchitis
Persistent cough with production of sputum
Emphysema Tx involves
routine progressive exercise, pursed-lip breathing and cessation of smoking
status asthmaticus
severe bronchospasms -> acute cor pulmonale (bp drop of more than 10 mmHg)
Risk factors for pneumonia:
○ immunocompromised
○ older or bedridden due to limited mobility
○ Pneumocystis carinii is common in pt’s c AIDS (used to indicate HIV has progressed to AIDS)
TB of the spine is termed
Pott’s disease and may result in compression fracture
Systemic Sclerosis Lung Disease (restrictive)
○ skin changes preceding visceral alterations (sclerodactyly)
○ interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis is most common pulmonary manifestation
Lung cancer
S/S often silent until advanced stage. May appear initially as chest, shoulder, or arm pain.
Cystic Fibrosis
Defect in CF transmembrane conductance regulator that provides a channel for chloride to pass in/out
byssinosis (brown lung disease)
caused by dust from hemp, flax, and cotton processing results in chronic obstruction and impaired lung function
Risk factors for PE
- Blood stasis
- Endothelial injury
- Hypercoaguable state
Cor pulmonale
Hematocrit is increased as body tries to compensate for impaired circulation by making more erythrocytes
Pleurisy- inflammation of the pleura
Aggavated by breathing, coughing, laughing
Abrupt onset of dyspnea in healthy person:
raises suspcicion of a spontaneous pneumothorax
When air enters pulmonary cavity, the lung collapses, causes shift of tissues and organs
to unaffected side
