Chapter 7 Flexibility Training Concepts Flashcards
Flexibility
- ability to move a joint through its full ROM
2. normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows the full ROM
Extensibility
capability to be elongated or stretched
ROM
Range of Motion
Dynamic ROM
The optimal control of movement maintained throughout entire ROM
What two components work together in Dynamic ROM?
flexibility and nervous system
Neuromuscular Efficiency
Neuromuscular system allowing the agonists, antagonists and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce and stabilize
Concentric Contractions
contractions permitting muscles to shorten
i.e. flexion at elbow joint (Bicep curl)
Eccentric Contractions.
contractions that occur when muscle lengthens (negatives)
i.e. coming down from a pull up
Isometric Contractions.
contractions that occur when muscle is stable and not shortening or lengthening (nonmoving)
i.e. holding pull up position
Force Couples
agonists, antagonists and synergists muscles working in tandem to perform a movement
How can a client achieve optimal Neuromuscular Efficiency
proper Flexibility in all 3 planes of motion
3 planes of motion
- Sagittal
- Coronal
- Transverse
Flexibility requires what?
Extensibility
Extensibility requires what?
Dynamic ROM
Dynamic ROM requires what?
Neuromuscular Efficiency
Order of requirements
- Neuromuscular Efficiency
- Dynamic ROM
- Extensibility
- Flexibility
Neuromuscular Efficiency
v
Dynamic ROM
v
Extensibility
v
Flexibility
HMS
- Human Movement System
2. Kinetic Chain
What is the Human Movement System (HMS) comprised of?
- Muscular System
- Skeletal System
- Nervous System
What’s the ultimate goal of the HMS?
maintain homeostasis
What results if one or more components of the HMS isn’t functioning properly?
patterns of dysfunction develop
Postural Distortion Patterns
patterns of muscular imbalance
Result of Postural Distortion Patterns?
decreased Neuromuscular Efficiency
Postural Distortion Pattern steps
- Muscle Imbalances
- Poor Posture
- Improper Movement
- Injury
Relative Flexibility
Altered Movement Patterns
HMS seeks the path of least resistance during function
Example of Relative Flexibility
widened stance and externally rotated stance during squat
Main cause of Relative Flexibility
poor Flexibility
Muscle Imbalances
alterations in the lengths of muscles surrounding a given joint
Factors associated with Muscle Imbalances
- overactive muscle (forcing compensation to occur)
2. underactive muscle (allowing for compensation to occur)
Three main causes for Muscle Imbalance
- Altered Reciprocal Inhibition
- Synergistic Dominance
- Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
Reciprocal Inhibition
simultaneous contraction of Agonists and relaxation of Antagonist
Altered Reciprocal Inhibiton
muscle inhibition caused by tight agonist that inhibits its functional antagonists
Results of Altered Reciprocal Inhibition
- altered force-couple relationships
- Synergistic Dominance
- Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
- faulty movement patterns
- poor Neuromuscular control
Synergistic Dominance
when the synergist takes over the weak or inhibited agonists
Results of Synergistic Dominance
- faulty movement
- Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
- Injury
Arthrokinetic
motion of the joints
Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
altered forces at the joint that result from abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint.
(Altered Joint Motion)
Causes of Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
- Altered Length-Tension relationships (altered muscle lengths)
- Altered Force-Couple reltationships (altered muscle activation)
Results of Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
- pain
2. further altered muscle recruitment and joint mechanics
