Chapter 7 Flexibility Training Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Flexibility

A
  1. ability to move a joint through its full ROM

2. normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows the full ROM

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2
Q

Extensibility

A

capability to be elongated or stretched

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3
Q

ROM

A

Range of Motion

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4
Q

Dynamic ROM

A

The optimal control of movement maintained throughout entire ROM

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5
Q

What two components work together in Dynamic ROM?

A

flexibility and nervous system

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6
Q

Neuromuscular Efficiency

A

Neuromuscular system allowing the agonists, antagonists and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce and stabilize

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7
Q

Concentric Contractions

A

contractions permitting muscles to shorten

i.e. flexion at elbow joint (Bicep curl)

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8
Q

Eccentric Contractions.

A

contractions that occur when muscle lengthens (negatives)

i.e. coming down from a pull up

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9
Q

Isometric Contractions.

A

contractions that occur when muscle is stable and not shortening or lengthening (nonmoving)

i.e. holding pull up position

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10
Q

Force Couples

A

agonists, antagonists and synergists muscles working in tandem to perform a movement

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11
Q

How can a client achieve optimal Neuromuscular Efficiency

A

proper Flexibility in all 3 planes of motion

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12
Q

3 planes of motion

A
  • Sagittal
  • Coronal
  • Transverse
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13
Q

Flexibility requires what?

A

Extensibility

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14
Q

Extensibility requires what?

A

Dynamic ROM

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15
Q

Dynamic ROM requires what?

A

Neuromuscular Efficiency

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16
Q

Order of requirements

A
  1. Neuromuscular Efficiency
  2. Dynamic ROM
  3. Extensibility
  4. Flexibility
  Neuromuscular Efficiency
                      v
            Dynamic ROM
                      v
             Extensibility
                      v
               Flexibility
17
Q

HMS

A
  1. Human Movement System

2. Kinetic Chain

18
Q

What is the Human Movement System (HMS) comprised of?

A
  • Muscular System
  • Skeletal System
  • Nervous System
19
Q

What’s the ultimate goal of the HMS?

A

maintain homeostasis

20
Q

What results if one or more components of the HMS isn’t functioning properly?

A

patterns of dysfunction develop

21
Q

Postural Distortion Patterns

A

patterns of muscular imbalance

22
Q

Result of Postural Distortion Patterns?

A

decreased Neuromuscular Efficiency

23
Q

Postural Distortion Pattern steps

A
  1. Muscle Imbalances
  2. Poor Posture
  3. Improper Movement
  4. Injury
24
Q

Relative Flexibility

Altered Movement Patterns

A

HMS seeks the path of least resistance during function

25
Example of Relative Flexibility
widened stance and externally rotated stance during squat
26
Main cause of Relative Flexibility
poor Flexibility
27
Muscle Imbalances
alterations in the lengths of muscles surrounding a given joint
28
Factors associated with Muscle Imbalances
1. overactive muscle (forcing compensation to occur) | 2. underactive muscle (allowing for compensation to occur)
29
Three main causes for Muscle Imbalance
1. Altered Reciprocal Inhibition 2. Synergistic Dominance 3. Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
30
Reciprocal Inhibition
simultaneous contraction of Agonists and relaxation of Antagonist
31
Altered Reciprocal Inhibiton
muscle inhibition caused by tight agonist that inhibits its functional antagonists
32
Results of Altered Reciprocal Inhibition
1. altered force-couple relationships 2. Synergistic Dominance 3. Arthrokinetic Dysfunction 4. faulty movement patterns 5. poor Neuromuscular control
33
Synergistic Dominance
when the synergist takes over the weak or inhibited agonists
34
Results of Synergistic Dominance
1. faulty movement 2. Arthrokinetic Dysfunction 3. Injury
35
Arthrokinetic
motion of the joints
36
Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
altered forces at the joint that result from abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint. (Altered Joint Motion)
37
Causes of Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
1. Altered Length-Tension relationships (altered muscle lengths) 2. Altered Force-Couple reltationships (altered muscle activation)
38
Results of Arthrokinetic Dysfunction
1. pain | 2. further altered muscle recruitment and joint mechanics