Chapter 7 Flashcards - Qualitative Study Designs (Strategies of Inquiry)
Qualitative strategies of inquiry is an overarching term that includes…?
- Strategy of Inquiry
- Philosophical Worldviews
- Methods
- How data is collected
What does strategy of inquiry mean?
A way of explaining how a researcher intends to carry out their research question
In qualitative studies why is the term data generation rather than data collection used?
Emphasizes the importance of researchers
Defining features of qualitative research includes…?
- Natural setting - collect data in a natural environment
- Emergent - Data changes over the course of the study
- Flexibility - Need for flexibility
Qualitative Strategies of Inquiry Commonly used by researchers include?
- Narrative
- Ethnography
- Phenomenology
- Case Study
- Qualitative Description
- Grounded Theory
Purpose of Narrative (Strategy of Inquiry)
- Focus on individuals - describing life experiences via sharing stories
- Stories bring meaning to the lived experiences
What was the example in the textbook that used a Narrative inquiry?
- Rebecca who injured her spinal cord had a two hour interview one-on-one in depth.
Bailey and colleagues described how narrative research can highlight rich nuances in individual and collecitve experiences
What are the various forms of narrative inquiry?
- Life History
* Depicts entire life of individual - Oral History
* Collection of memories that hold significance (Important for big populations like Indigenous)
Data generation for Narrative?
Stories generated through in-depth or unstructured interviews
Purpose of Ethnography?
Driven by questions that seek to understand cultures or groups (Strong ties with anthropology)
How do researchers get the most out of the ethnography strategy?
Describing and interpreting shared features of a cultural group like behaviours, values and beliefs. Also immersing themselves in that culture
Various forms of Ethnography include…?
- Critical ethnography
* Political agenda and some form of advocacy for underrepresented populations - works to bring hegemony, oppression, power, etc, to light - Autoethnography
* Study of one’s own culture (also form of narrative inquiry because of self reflection)
* Requires deep reflection of unique experiences and universe within oneself
Data generation of Ethnography?
Participant observation
Interviews and observations may also be used
Purpose of Phenomenology
Study of a phenomenon/concept through exploring one’s lived experiences
- Phenomenology can be understood as a philosophy and qualitative strategy of inquiry
- Interest in group of people’s lived experiences
What is phenomenon?
The problem, topic or issue chosen as the subject of investigation
Main focus of phenomenology when exploring lived experiences of groups?
Reduce individual differences and come up with some common theme
Various forms of Phenomenology include…?
- Interpretative phenomenological analysis
* Understanding how experiences of a phenomenon are perceived by participants and how they make sense of their personal and social world - Empirical Phenomenology
* Structural analysis of participants experiences (results in description of essential structures of phenomenon)
Phenomenology seeks to include multiple people who experienced the same phenomenon
How is data generated in phenomenology?
Multiple in-depth interviews (also can include personal diaries that could be rich with data)
Bracketing: Researcher describes and record their own experiences of the phenomenon
What is Case Study?
Studying complexity and distinctiveness of a case within important circumstances
- Detailed study of a specific subject like a person, group, event, etc.
What is considered to be a “Case”
Case is something bounded by time and place
* People are often cases of interest and even teams, events, organizations too
Example of Case Study in the textbook?
Canada games being the “case” (thing of interest) which was studied and found issues related to funding for the games
Case study focused on something specific and were able to find issues regarding it
Various forms of Case Studies
- Intrinsic Case Study - understanding the complexity of the case
- Instrumental Case Study - focus on a specific case (like intrinsic) but gives insight into a issue of interest
- Collective Case Study - instrumental case study with several cases
For instrumental the case is the secondary priority because it leads to insight on something more important the researcher wishes to look at
Example of Instrumental Case Study
Researcher wanting to study child obesity rates so they set up exercise activities in middle school children but the middle school children are not the focus of the study, it is the child obesity rate which is the primary focus; middle school children and exercise are the “case”
Data generation in Case Study?
Various sources of info required; interviews and include observations and visual methods
Would usually include more than one form of data generation
What is Qualitative Description (Strategy of Inquiry)?
Researchers use this to develop a comprehensive description and summary of a phenomenon (research topic) or event
What is unique about Qualitative Description compared to the other strategies of inquiry?
Require little interpretation compared to other strategies of inquiry
Data generation for Qualitative Description
Individual or group interviews
What is grounded theory? (Strategy of Inquiry)
Generating and analysing data iteratively to construct a theory
Focus of grounded theory and end result?
Grounded theory has researchers employ iterative strategies to compare data against each other and find differences and similarities.
End result: A theory that is concealed in your data for you to find out
Greatest challenge of grounded theory?
When has Data Saturation been reached?
Findings from Tammiens and Holts research using grounded theory said?
Coping in sports is about experiential process that involves reflective practices
Data generation of grounded theory?
Via one-on-one interviews with participants
What does data saturation imply about information of the research topic?
It implies that no new information will surface; therefore, no additional data need be generated
