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ADO Pumper > Chapter # 7 Fire Hose Nozzles and Flow Rates > Flashcards

Chapter # 7 Fire Hose Nozzles and Flow Rates Flashcards

1
Q

What environmental factors affect a fire stream?

A

Velocity. Gravity. Wind. Fiction with the Air.

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2
Q

What man made factors influence the condition of a fire stream?

A

Operating pressure. Nozzle design. Nozzle adjustment. Nozzle orifice condition.

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3
Q

The the three types of fire streams.

A

Broken, Fog, Solid.

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4
Q

A fire stream produced from a fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle. Designed to provided a compact stream.

A

Solid stream

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5
Q

A solid stream nozzle gradually reduces its shape. The nozzle becomes a cylindrical bore who’s length is from one to one and half times its diameter. This design provides what?

A

A rounded shape to the water for better shape and reach.

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6
Q

What determines the flow and stream reach for a solid stream nozzle?

A

The nozzle pressure and size of the discharge opening.

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7
Q

Formula for flow from a solid stream nozzle.

A 
GPM = 29.7 x d^2 x sq rt of NP
GPM= gallons per minute.  29.7 = constant. d= diameter of orifice in inches. NP= nozzle pressure in psi.
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8
Q

Square root of 50?

A

7.07

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9
Q

The angle at which a stream of water is deflected from a obstruction determines the reduction in forward velocity of the stream, as well as the pattern or shape the stream assumes. So a wide angle deflection = ? and a narrow angle deflection = ?

A

Wide= Wide angle fog Narrow = Narrow angle fog.

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10
Q

The line bounding a rounded surface; the outward boundary of an object distinguished from its internal regions.

A

Periphery

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11
Q

A turning or state of being turned; a turning from a straight line or given course; a bending; a deviation.

A

Deflection

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12
Q

To strike or dash about or against; clashing with a sharp collision; to come together with force.

A

Impinge

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13
Q

A fog stream may be produced in these three ways.

A

A deflection at the periphery. By impinging jets of water. By a combination of these two.

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14
Q

Produced by deflecting water from the periphery of a inside circular stem of the nozzle. Then again deflected by the exterior barrel of the nozzle.

A

Periphery deflected streams.

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15
Q

The relative position of the deflecting stem and the exterior barrel determine what?

A

The shape of the fog stream.

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16
Q

Usually produce a wide angle fog pattern but can also make a narrow fog pattern.

A

Impinging stream fog nozzle.

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17
Q

Designed to flow a specific amount of water at a specific nozzle pressure on all stream patterns. Discharge the same volume of water no matter the pattern. Most flow at 100psi, some flow at 50 or 75 psi.

A

Constant Flow Nozzles

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18
Q

Has a number of constant flow rates which enables the firefighter to select the flow rate that best suites the fire conditions. Operated at 100 psi.

A

Automatic Nozzles

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19
Q

What is the minimum flow for interior structural fire fighting?

A

95-100 gpm.

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20
Q

Variable flow nozzle. Also called Constant Pressure nozzle or Multipurpose nozzles. Basically a variable flow nozzle with pattern change capabilities and the ability to maintain nozzle pressure and flow. Most operate at 100 psi, some at 50 or 75 psi.

A

Automatic fog nozzle

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21
Q

Can serve as a pressure regulator for a pumper as lines are shut down and added.

A

Automatic Nozzle

22
Q

Will automatically vary its opening size (within range) to compensate for larger flows of water, to maintain a 100 psi at the tip.

A

Automatic Nozzle

23
Q

Operate at pressures up to 800 psi. Fog stream with lots of forward velocity but very little water volume. Very fast moving , fine spray water. Best for wildland fires. Only flow 8-15 gpm.

A

High pressure fog nozzles.

24
Q

Any fire stream that is to large to control without mechanical aid.

A

Master Stream

25
Q

May be solid, fog, impinging, or broken stream nozzles. Flow 350 gpm or less.

A

Hand line nozzles

26
Q

May be a solid or fog stream nozzle. Flows greater then 350 gpom.

A

Master Stream Nozzles

27
Q

Smooth bore master stream tip psi? Fog nozzle master stream tip psi?

A 
Smooth = 80 psi
Fog = 100 psi
28
Q

When are master streams used?

A

When handlines are ineffective, conditions unsafe, or manpower is limited.

29
Q

What are the four basic categories of master stream devices?

A

Monitor. Turret Pipe. Deluge set. Elevated Master Stream.

30
Q

Stream direction and angle can be change during water discharge. Three types; fixed, portable, combination. Fixed is also called a deck gun or turret.

A

Monitor

31
Q

Mounted on the apparatus deck and connected directly to the pump by permanent piping. Also called deck gun or deck pipe.

A

Turret Pipe

32
Q

A short length of large diameter hose with a large nozzle or playpipe supported at the end by a tripod. Siamese connection at the supply end. Angle and direction can not be changed during water flow.

A

Deluge Set

33
Q

Large capacity nozzles designed to be placed on an aerial device. May be permanently attached or may be detachable.

A

Elevated Master Stream.

34
Q

A master stream device used in conjunction with aerial ladders. Limited to vertical up and down motion. Horizontal movements put stress on the ladder. Attached to the rungs of a ladder and supplied with fire hose.

A

Ladder pipe

35
Q

Have pre-plumed water ways instead of hose.

A

Some aerial ladders, all aerial platforms and elevated master streams.

36
Q

The power system to operate a elevated master stream may be what?

A

Electric. Hydraulic. Pneumatic. Manual (non permit ones).

37
Q

What special purpose nozzles are require to be carried according to NFPA 1901?

A

None

38
Q

Created when water is forced through a series of small holes on the discharge end of the nozzle. Producing larger droplets of water when compared to fog streams. This gives them better reach and penetration.

A

Broken Stream Nozzle

39
Q

Also called distributors. Often used on basement fires. May or may not be equipped with a shut off. Also used on attic fires. Nozzle is dropped through a cut opening of a floor or roof.

A

Cellar Nozzle

40
Q

Can only absorb convected heat and not radiant heat.

A

Water Curtain Nozzle

41
Q

Also called penetrating nozzles. Used in aircraft firefighting and to fight fire in accessible areas. May be used to deliver AFFF. 3-6’ by 1 1/2”. Usually delivers 100 gpm.

A

Piercing Nozzle

42
Q

Designed to be placed on a booster hose. Solid piece of brass or steel with numerous very small impinging holes. At 100 psi = 1.5 - 3 psi. Very fine misty water cone. Lowered down then quickly pulled back out.

A

Chimney Nozzle

43
Q

For every action there is a equal and opposite reaction.

A

Newtons third law of motion

44
Q

What is the practical working limits for velocity of a fire stream? These velocities are produced from nozzles that have pressure ranges of …..to…. psi

A

60-120’ per second

25-100psi

45
Q

Most solid stream handlines equipped with up to a 1 1/2” tip are flowed at what psi? What psi may they be increased to for greater reach with little detriment?

A

50 psi, 65 psi

46
Q

Portable master streams should not be operated above the manufactures recommended psi. But, fixed master streams (not on aerial devices) can be operated between what range?

A

80-100 psi

47
Q

What would be the most common reason for figuring out the nozzle reaction of a hose line?

A

When determining what hose lines / nozzles to have as preconnected lines on the apparatus.

48
Q

Solid stream nozzle reaction equation.

A

NR = 1.57 x d^2 x NP

49
Q

A fire ground method for approximating NR on a solid stream nozzle.

A

NR = Q/3 (Q is the total flow)

50
Q

Fog stream nozzle reaction equation.

A

NR = 0.0505 x Q x sq rt of the NP. (Q is total flow. NOT flow /100).

51
Q

Square root of 100.

A

10

52
Q

A fir ground method for approximating NR of a fog nozzle.

A

NR = Q/2 (Q is the total flow)

ADO Pumper (16 decks)

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