Chapter 7- Federalism

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

A division of governmental powers between the national government and the states.

Question 2

Delegated powers

Answer 2

Powers specifically granted to the national government by the Constitution.

Question 3

Implied powers

Answer 3

Not expressed, but may be considered through the use of the Necessary and Proper (elastic) Clause

Question 4

Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause

Answer 4

Gives Congress the power to pass all laws necessary to carry out their constitutional duties, found on Article I, Section 8, Clause 18; also called “Elastic Clause”.

Question 5

Inherent powers

Answer 5

Powers that exist for the national government because the government is sovereign.

Question 6

Concurrent powers

Answer 6

Powers shared by the federal and state governments.

Question 7

Reserved powers

Answer 7

Powers belonging specifically to the states and the people because they were not delegated to the national government nor denied to the states.

Question 8

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Answer 8

States are required to recognize the laws and legal documents of other states.

Question 9

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Answer 9

States are prohibited from unreasonably discriminating against residents of others states.

Question 10

Extradition

Answer 10

States may return fugitives to a state from which they have fled to avoid criminal prosecution at the request of the states governor.

Question 11

Interstate compacts

Answer 11

Agreements between states to work together on common issues.

Question 12

Supremacy Clause

Answer 12

National law supersedes all other laws passed by states; found in Article VI of the Constitution.

Question 13

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Answer 13

Supreme Court decision upholding the supremacy of the national government over the states.

Question 14

Dual federalism

Answer 14

Federal and state governments each have defined responsibilities within their own sphere of influence; “layer cake” federalism.

Question 15

Cooperative federalism

Answer 15

Cooperation among federal, state, and local governments; “marble cake” federalism

Question 16

Devolution

Answer 16

An effort to shift responsibility of domestic programs (welfare, health care, and job training) to the states in order to decrease the size ad activities of the federal government (first-order devolution); some states have attempted to shift responsibilities further to local governments (second-order devolution).

Question 17

Fiscal federalism

Answer 17

National government’s use of fiscal policy to influence stages through the granting or withholding of appropriations.

Question 18

Fiscal policy

Answer 18

The policies of taxation and spending that compromise the nation’s economic policy.

Question 19

Grants-in-aid

Answer 19

Programs, money, and resources provided by the federal government to state and local governments to be used for specific projects and programs.

Question 20

Categorical grant

Answer 20

Federal grants for specific purposes defined by law.

Question 21

Block grant

Answer 21

Money given to states for general programs within a broad category.

Question 22

Revenue sharing

Answer 22

Giving money back to state and local government with no strings attached.

Question 23

Mandates

Answer 23

Requirements imposed by the national government on state and local governments to comply with federal rules and regulations.

Question 24

Unfunded mandates

Answer 24

Requires states to enforce legislation without the funding necessary.