Chapter 15- Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

Question 1

Civil liberties

Answer 1

Constitutional freedoms granted to all citizens.

Question 2

Civil rights

Answer 2

Positive acts of government designed to prevent discrimination and provide equality before the law.

Question 3

Writ of habeas corpus

Answer 3

Requires a judge to evaluate whether there is sufficient cause to keep a person in jail.

Question 4

Bills of attainder

Answer 4

Prohibits a person being found guilty of a crime without a trial.

Question 5

Ex post facto law

Answer 5

Laws applied to acts committed before passage of the laws are unconstitutional.

Question 6

Self-incrimination

Answer 6

Accusing oneself or giving evidence that may prove oneself guilty.

Question 7

Double jeopardy

Answer 7

Being tried twice for the same offense.

Question 8

Incorporation

Answer 8

Application of portions of the Bill of Rights to the states under the 14th Amendment.

Question 9

Symbolic speech

Answer 9

Using actions and symbols rather than words to convey ideas.

Question 10

Establishment Clause

Answer 10

Prohibits the establishment of a national religion.

Question 11

Free Exercise Clause

Answer 11

Congress may not make laws restricting or prohibiting a person’s religious practices.

Question 12

Lemon test

Answer 12

Standard set by the Supreme Court in Lemon v. Kurtzman to measure the constitutionality of state laws in regard to freedom of religion.

Question 13

Pure speech

Answer 13

Verbal communication of ideas and opinions.

Question 14

Speech plus

Answer 14

Verbal and symbolic speech used together.

Question 15

Prior restraint

Answer 15

Censorship of information before it is published or broadcast.

Question 16

Substantive due process

Answer 16

The policies of government or the particular subject matter of the laws determining what the law is about and whether the law is fair or if it violates constitutional protections.

Question 17

Procedural due process

Answer 17

Method of government action, or how the law is carried out according to established rules and procedures.

Question 18

Eminent domain

Answer 18

Allows the government to take property for public use but also requires the government to provide just compensation for that property.

Question 19

Exclusionary rule

Answer 19

Ruled that evidence acquired as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized.

Question 20

Miranda v. Arizona

Answer 20

Requires that anyone arrested for a crime be advised of the right to counsel and the right to remain silent.

Question 21

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 21

The Supreme Court case that upheld separate-but-equal segregation in 1896.

Question 22

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 22

Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; ended legal segregation, said school segregation is unconstitutional.

Question 23

Equal Protection Clause

Answer 23

Constitutional guarantee that everyone be treated equally.

Question 24

Affirmative action

Answer 24

A policy designed to correct the effects of past discrimination; requirement by law that positive steps be taken to increase the number of minorities in businesses, schools, colleges, and labor.