Chapter 7- Emotional & Social Development Flashcards
Erikson’s stage- second year
Autonomy vs shame and doubt.
Resolved when caregivers provide suitable guidance and reasonable choices.
Erikson’s stage: year 1
Basic trust vs mistrust. Healthy outcome Established by good quality of caregiving
All basic emotions can be expressed when?
6-9 months
Social smile
Appears 6-10 weeks. In response to face to face interaction
Laughter emerges
3-4 months
Anger and sadness emerges
4-6 months
Fear
First fears: 6 months - 12 months
Stranger anxiety- 8-12 months
Distress/sadness
Distress to “still face” - 2-7 months
Temperament
Early appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self regulation
Complex emotions
Pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment. Emerge around 18-24 months
Easy temperament
40% cheerful, easily adapts to new situations, has regular routines
Difficult temperament
10%. Reacts negatively to new stimuli, fussy, intense reactions
Slow to warm up temperament.
15%. Low key reactions, inactive, negative in mood.
EAS model of temperament (buss & plomin)
Emotionality
Activity
Sociability
Soothability
Effortful control
Voluntarily suppress a dominant response to execute a more adaptive response
Goodness of fit
Creating child rearing environments that recognize each child’s temperament while simultaneously encouraging more adaptive functioning. Respect individuality and avoid negative labels
Attachment (bowlby)
The infants emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.
Goal = maintain emotional security
Preattachment
Birth to 6 weeks. Infant signals (crying, grasping, smiling) to promote contact
Attachment in the making
6 weeks to 2-8 months. Infants prefer primary caregiver, but will not protest when separated. Keeps track of caregivers whereabouts
True attachment
6-8 months to 18 months.
Infant shows separation anxiety. Uses mom as secure base to explore environment.
Reciprocal relationships
18 months onward.
Separation anxiety declines because child understands coming and going.
Attachment types and percentages
Secure attachment 60-65%
Avoidant attachment 20%
Resistant/ambivalent attachment 15%
Disorganized 5% ( confused when mom leaves and returns, unusual behaviors)
Internal working model
Set of expectations about the availability of attachment figures, their likelihood of providing support in times of stress, and selfs interaction with those figures. Becomes a vital part of personality and guide for future close relationships.
