Chapter 7- Emotional & Social Development

Question 0

Erikson’s stage- second year

Answer 0

Autonomy vs shame and doubt.

Resolved when caregivers provide suitable guidance and reasonable choices.

Question 1

Erikson’s stage: year 1

Answer 1

Basic trust vs mistrust. Healthy outcome Established by good quality of caregiving

Question 2

All basic emotions can be expressed when?

Answer 2

6-9 months

Question 3

Social smile

Answer 3

Appears 6-10 weeks. In response to face to face interaction

Question 4

Laughter emerges

Answer 4

3-4 months

Question 5

Anger and sadness emerges

Answer 5

4-6 months

Question 6

Fear

Answer 6

First fears: 6 months - 12 months

Stranger anxiety- 8-12 months

Question 7

Distress/sadness

Answer 7

Distress to “still face” - 2-7 months

Question 8

Temperament

Answer 8

Early appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self regulation

Question 9

Complex emotions

Answer 9

Pride, guilt, shame, embarrassment. Emerge around 18-24 months

Question 10

Easy temperament

Answer 10

40% cheerful, easily adapts to new situations, has regular routines

Question 11

Difficult temperament

Answer 11

10%. Reacts negatively to new stimuli, fussy, intense reactions

Question 12

Slow to warm up temperament.

Answer 12

15%. Low key reactions, inactive, negative in mood.

Question 13

EAS model of temperament (buss & plomin)

Answer 13

Emotionality
Activity
Sociability
Soothability

Question 14

Effortful control

Answer 14

Voluntarily suppress a dominant response to execute a more adaptive response

Question 15

Goodness of fit

Answer 15

Creating child rearing environments that recognize each child’s temperament while simultaneously encouraging more adaptive functioning. Respect individuality and avoid negative labels

Question 16

Attachment (bowlby)

Answer 16

The infants emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.
Goal = maintain emotional security

Question 17

Preattachment

Answer 17

Birth to 6 weeks. Infant signals (crying, grasping, smiling) to promote contact

Question 18

Attachment in the making

Answer 18

6 weeks to 2-8 months. Infants prefer primary caregiver, but will not protest when separated. Keeps track of caregivers whereabouts

Question 19

True attachment

Answer 19

6-8 months to 18 months.

Infant shows separation anxiety. Uses mom as secure base to explore environment.

Question 20

Reciprocal relationships

Answer 20

18 months onward.

Separation anxiety declines because child understands coming and going.

Question 21

Attachment types and percentages

Answer 21

Secure attachment 60-65%
Avoidant attachment 20%
Resistant/ambivalent attachment 15%
Disorganized 5% ( confused when mom leaves and returns, unusual behaviors)

Question 22

Internal working model

Answer 22

Set of expectations about the availability of attachment figures, their likelihood of providing support in times of stress, and selfs interaction with those figures. Becomes a vital part of personality and guide for future close relationships.