Chapter 7 - Digestive Track

Question 1

The Mouth

Answer 1

-first part of the digestive track/digestion
-both mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 2

Mouth - Mechanical Break Down

Answer 2

break down with teeth (32 total), tongue, hard palate, cheeks/cheek muscle
-chewing into small pieces, which adds surface area to food (decreases particle size); makes it better for enzymes by making room for them

Question 3

Mouth - Chemical Break Down

Answer 3

Enzymes : amylase alpha, carbohydrase; only breaks down carbs

Question 4

Esophagus - Swallowing Mechanism

Answer 4

-has the epiglottis which is a switch to ensure the trachea ONLY gets gases (CO2, O2) and the rest of the esophagus gets the food down
-has the natural/normal pH

Question 5

Peristalsis

Answer 5

-propulsion of food
-muscles sweep food down the esophagus
-ALWAYS behind the food

Question 6

Sphincter

Answer 6

circular muscle who’s contraction either opens or closes a passage
-4 sphincters in the body (GI): mouth, entrance of stomach, exit of stomach, and anus (strongest!)

Question 7

Stomach

Answer 7

-brief food storage, delivery of food to the small intestines
-both chemical (digestive enzymes - proteases, stomach acid) and mechanical digestion (mixing, peristalsis)
-stomach acid: low pH

Question 8

Acid Reflux

Answer 8

when the sphincter does not close correctly, stomach acid goes up to esophagus (which has natural pH) which hurts

Question 9

Small Intestine

Answer 9

-digestion: mechanical and chemical
-absorption: proteins, carbs, lipids, water, vitamins/minerals
-3 parts: duodenum, jejunum, ilium
-3 helpers: pancreas, gall bladder, liver

Question 10

Pancreas

Answer 10

makes the enzymes for the duodenum and bicarbonate which increases the pH

Question 11

Duodenum

Answer 11

-segmentation: makes food into smaller pieces
-ALWAYS behind AND the sides
-digestion done in the duodenum

Question 12

Gall Bladder

Answer 12

collects bile and sends it to duodenum

Question 13

Liver

Answer 13

produce bile and sends it to gall bladder

Question 14

Surfactants

Answer 14

-enzymes are hydrophilic and soluble
-lipids are hydrophobic and insoluble
-lipids have trouble binding with enzymes, so bile (a surfactant) helps them bind together
-surfactants get rid of the layer between, AKA emulsifier

Question 15

Jejunum

Answer 15

most of the absorption in the small intestines
-has vili and micovili which increases surface area and absorption

Question 16

large intestine

Answer 16

only absorption: water and remaining nutrients

Question 17

cecum

Answer 17

deposit waste
-have to empty it when full
-between the small and large intestines

Question 18

anus

Answer 18

last part of digestive track