Chapter 7: Differential Diagnosis in Medical Psychology Flashcards
What is differential diagnosis?
The process of distinguishing between two or more conditions that share similar symptoms.
Why is differential diagnosis important in medical psychology?
To ensure accurate identification and treatment of underlying conditions, whether psychological or medical.
What is the biopsychosocial approach to differential diagnosis?
It considers biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to a patient’s symptoms.
What medical conditions can mimic depression?
Hypothyroidism, anemia, and vitamin D deficiency.
What is a key presenting feature of anxiety caused by a medical condition?
Sudden onset of symptoms without a clear psychological trigger, such as in hyperthyroidism.
How can medication side effects contribute to mental health symptoms?
Some medications, like corticosteroids, can cause mood swings, agitation, or depression.
What are the common psychological symptoms of a brain tumor?
Personality changes, memory loss, and mood disturbances.
What physical symptoms might indicate a neurological cause for mental health issues?
Seizures, headaches, or focal neurological deficits like muscle weakness.
How does substance use complicate differential diagnosis?
Symptoms like anxiety or psychosis may result from intoxication or withdrawal rather than a primary mental disorder.
What is malingering, and how is it assessed in differential diagnosis?
Malingering is the intentional production of false symptoms for external gain, assessed through inconsistent reports or test results.
What role does a thorough patient history play in differential diagnosis?
It helps identify patterns, triggers, and risk factors that can clarify the root cause of symptoms.
How can sleep disorders contribute to psychological symptoms?
Conditions like sleep apnea can lead to fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating, resembling depression.
What are ‘red flags’ that may indicate a physical rather than psychological cause of symptoms?
Symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fever, or night sweats could suggest a medical condition.
What is somatic symptom disorder?
A psychological condition where a person experiences physical symptoms with no identifiable medical cause.
How is psychosis differentiated between schizophrenia and a medical cause?
By ruling out conditions like delirium, brain injury, or drug intoxication through medical tests and history.
