Chapter 7 Definitions: Early Adulthood Flashcards
Early Adulthood:
Ages 20- 40
Senescence
The natural and physical decline brought about by aging (early 20’s)
Stress:
Physical and Emotional response to events that threaten or challenge us
Psychoneurolmmunology (PNI)
The study of the relationship between the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors
- Determines the outcome of stress
Primary Appraisal:
The assessment of an events to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral
-e.g: you are likely to feel differently about an upcoming french test if you passed the last one with flying colours rather than if you did poorly
Secondary Appraisal:
The assessment of whether ones coping abilities are resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat or challenge posed by the potential stressor
- Can I handle it?
- e.g If you get a traffic ticket it is upsetting but if you can’t afford the fine then the strew is greater
Psychosomatic Disorder
- Consequence of stress
- Caused by interaction os psychological, emotional and physical difficulties
- e.g: ulsers, asthma, high blood pressure
Coping:
The effort to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
- Problem Focused Coping: managing a threading situation by directly changing it to make it less stressful ( if they have to many responsibilities at work they will tell their boss and ask for less)
- Emotion Focused Coping - the conscious regulation of emotion ( someone who can’t find a babysitter for they child while at work might say “ at least I have a job in this terrible economy”)
Defensive coping:
Coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation
-e.g: Failing a major test in unimportant
Hardiness:
A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness
Postformal Thought:
Thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms. Rather than being based on purely logical processes
- Multiple causes and multiple solutions of a situation
- Dialectical thinking -> issues are not always clear cut, and that sometimes answers to questions must be negotiated.
Acquisitive Stage:
(Schaie): The first stage of cognitive development encompassing all of childhood and adolescents in which the main developmental task is to acquire information
-CHILDHOOD ADOLESCENCE
Achieving Stage:
The point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long term goals regarding careers, families and societal contributors
- Who they marry, what job to take
- YOUNG ADULTHOOD
Responsible Stage:
- Stage where major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families and careers
- MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Executive Stage:
The period in middle adulthood when people take a border perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world
- MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Reintegrative Stage:
The period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning
- acquire information about issued that that specifically speak to them
- LATE ADULTHOOD
Practical Intelligence: (Sternberg)
-Intelligence learned primarily by observing others and modelling their behaviour
Emotional Intelligence:
The set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions
- What allows people to get along well with others, to understand what they are feeling and experiencing
Creativity:
Combining responses or ideas in novel ways
First- year adjustment reaction:
A cluster of psychological symptoms, including loneliness, anxiety, withdrawal, and depression, suffered by first year students
Stereotype Threat:
Obstacles to performance that come from awareness of the stereotypes held by society about academic abilities
- e.g: women seeking to achieve in fields like math and science might worry about the failure that society predicts for them
Social Clock
- The culturally determined psychological timepiece providing a sense of whether we have reached the major benchmarks of life at the appropriate time in comparison to our peers
- > 23 be done university and starting to work
Intimacy vs isolation stage
According to Erikson, the period from postadolescne into the daly thirties that focuses on developing close relationships with others
- Those who experience difficulties during this stage are often lonely, isolated and fearful of relationships
Stimulus Value Role Theory (SVR)
Theory that relationships proceed in a fixed order of 3 staged: stimulus, value, and role
Stimulus Stage:
relationships are built on the surface, how a person looks (initial encounter)
Value Stage:
Usually occurs between the 2 and 7th encounter, characterized by increasing similarity of values and beliefs
Role Stage:
- The relationship is built on specific roles
- e.g: husband and wife, boyfriend and girlfriend
Passionate (or romantic) love
- A state of powerful absorption in someone
- Intense physiological interest and arousal, and caring for anthers needs
Companionate love:
The song affection for those with whom our lives are deeply involved
Labelling theory of passionate love:
The theory that individuals experience romantic love when two events occur together: intense physiological arousal and situational cues suggesting that the arousal is due to love
The 3 faces of love:
- Intimacy component
- passion component
- decision commitment component
Intimacy Component:
- component of love that encompasses feelings of closeness, affection and connectedness
Passion component:
Component of love that comprises the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness and romance
Decision/ commitment component:
- 3rd component of love that embodies the initial cognition that one loves another person and that longer-rem determination to maintain that love
Homogamy:
The tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion and other basic demographic characteristics
Marriage Gradient:
The tendency for men to marry women who are slightly younger, smaller and lower in status, and women to marry men who are slightly older, larger and higher in status
Cohabition:
Couples living together without being married
Career Consolidation:
Stage that is entered between ages 20- 40 when young adults become centred on their careers
Fantasy Period: (Ginzberg)
the period lasting until about age 11
- When career choices are made and discarded without regard to skills abilities or available job opportunities
`Tentative Period: (Ginzberg)
Second stage: which spans adolescence, when people begin to think in pragmatic terms about the requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities might fit with those jobs
Realistic Period:
The third stage which occurs in early adulthood, when people begin to explore specific career options, either through actual experience on the job or through training for a profession, and then narrow their choices and make a commitment
Communal Professions
Occupations that are associated with relationships
- Women (e.g nursing)
Agentic Professions
Occupations that are associated with getting things accomplished
- Men (carpentry)
Extrinsic Motivation:
Motivation that drives people to obtain tangible rewards, such as money and prestige
Intrinsic Motivation:
Motivation that causes people to do the work for their own enjoyment, not for the rewards work might bring
Status:
The evaluation of a role or person by another relevant member of a group or society
