Chapter 7--Change

Question 1

Organisational change

Answer 1

Is the adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organisation.

Question 2

Proactive

Answer 2

To be proactive is to initiate change to occur and the respond to it.

Question 3

Reactive

Answer 3

To be reactive is to wait for a change to occur and then respond to it.

Question 4

Recession

Answer 4

Is a contraction in the level of economic activity resulting in reduced spending, rising unemployment and a slow rate of economic growth.

Question 5

Emissions reading scheme

Answer 5

Regulates the buying and selling of permits to emit greenhouse gases. A permit allows emissions up to a prescribed cap or limit. Large emitters either choose to buy extra permits or invest in technologies that control emissions. If limits are exceeded, penalties are imposed.

Question 6

Force field analysis

Answer 6

Outlines the process of determining which forces drive and which resist a proposed change.

Question 7

Driving forces

Answer 7

Are those that support change

Question 8

Restraining forces

Answer 8

Are those forces that work against the change.

Question 9

Organisational inertia

Answer 9

Refers to an unenthusiastic response from management to proposed change.

Question 10

Change management process

Answer 10

Is the sequence of steps that a manager would follow for the successful implementation and adoption of change.

Question 11

Facilitator

Answer 11

Is someone who helps people achieve an objective by providing unobtrusive assistance.

Question 12

Manipulation

Answer 12

Is the skilful or devious exertion over someone to get them to do what you want.

Question 13

Cooptation

Answer 13

Involves the selection of an influential person among the potential resistors to be involved in the development and implementation of the change process.

Question 14

Change agent

Answer 14

Is a person or group of people who acts as catalysts, assuming responsibility for managing the change process.

Question 15

Corporate social responsibility

Answer 15

Involves managing organisational processes in order to produce an overall positive impact on the community.

Question 16

Triple bottom line

Answer 16

Refers to the social, economic and environmental performance of an organisation.

Question 17

Ecological sustainability

Answer 17

Occurs when economic growth meets the needs of the present population without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Question 18

Sustainability report

Answer 18

Is a comprehensive report of what a business has done, and is doing, with regards to the social issues that affect it.

Question 19

Business ethics

Answer 19

Refers to the application of moral standards to organisational behaviour.

Question 20

Corporate code of conduct

Answer 20

Is a set of ethical standards for managers and employees to abide by.

Question 21

Global economy

Answer 21

Is the world economy and refers to economic activity going on in the world. It includes the flow of all trade, finance, technology, labour and investment. Consequently, it is the total economic activity within and between countries.

Question 22

Global manager

Answer 22

Pursues organisational objectives in international settings and, therefore, is required to conduct business in numerous countries with different cultures.

Question 23

Merger

Answer 23

Is a combination of two companies to form a new company.

Question 24

Acquisition

Answer 24

Is the purchase of one company by another with no new company being formed.

Question 25

Privatisation

Answer 25

Is the process of transferring the ownership of a government business to the private sector.

Question 26

Leadership

Answer 26

Is the process of positively influencing and encouraging individuals to set and achieve objectives.

Question 27

Transformational change

Answer 27

Often results in a complete restructure throughout the whole organisation.

Question 28

Incremental change

Answer 28

Results in minor changes, usually involving only a few employees.

Question 29

Structural change

Answer 29

Refers to changes in the organisation’s structure– that is, the organisation chart.

Question 30

Outsourcing

Answer 30

Is the contracting of some organisational operations to outside suppliers.

Question 31

Teamwork

Answer 31

Involves people who interact regularly and coordinate their work towards a common goal.

Question 32

Flexible management

Answer 32

Is the production by computer controlled machines that can adapt to various versions of the same operation.

Question 33

Change

Answer 33

Is any alteration in the internal or external environments.