Chapter 7: Cell structure and function Flashcards
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice?
light microscope, because the specimen is alive
Although the resolution of the light microscope is far less than that of electron microscopes, light microscopy is the only technique that permits one to observe living cells.
The high surface area is likely to be associated with high * of compounds across the plasma membrane. The greater the surface area, the greater the potential for transport.
The cell with the larger surface area is likely to be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell’s environment
transport rates
What factors limit the maximum size of a cell?
the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell
the shape of the cell
the cell’s surface-to-volume ratio
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization. The presence of membrane-bounded organelles in eukaryotes permits cellular functions to occur in specialized, isolated compartments.
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Although chromosomes become more compact as a cell prepares to divide, they are * in the cell.
always present
Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following organelles is UNLIKELY to show enhanced abundance in pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?
free cytoplasmic ribosomes. Secreted proteins are not synthesized on free cytoplasmic ribosomes; therefore, these ribosomes would not show enhanced abundance.
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
ou would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________.
manufacturing
secrete large amounts of protein
Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system?
Proteins of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the rough ER, modified and sorted in the Golgi, and then transported to other organelles of the endomembrane system such as vacuoles.
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
All of the membrane proteins of the endomembrane systems are made in the rough ER.
The ribosomes in the mitochondria are found in the * of the mitochondria, not in the intermembrane space.
* are nonmembranous organelles that are found in the cytoplasm but also in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
matrix
Ribosomes
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions?
Microtubules guide * from the ER to the Golgi and from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
Golgi apparatus
vesicles
The interaction of motor proteins with the * is responsible for the movement of organelles in cells.
Components of the * often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
cytoskeleton
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
motor protein
cilia - The microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum is anchored in the cell by a basal body.
