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Esthetics > Chapter 7: Basics of Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Basics of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What has physical properties that we can see, smell, taste, and touch?

A

Matter

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2
Q

What causes oxidation?

A

Addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen

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3
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

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4
Q

What is an atom with a positive charge?

A

Cation

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5
Q

What is an ion with a negative charge?

A

Anion

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6
Q

What does the term miscible mean?

A

Capable of being mixed

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7
Q

What is united with the aid of an emulsifier to create an emulsion?

A

Two or more immiscible substances

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8
Q

What is a solution?

A

Uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

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9
Q

What is air?

A

Gaseous mixture that makes up the earth’s atmosphere

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10
Q

What term refers to molecules that contain two or more a tums of the same element?

A

Chemical molecules

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11
Q

What term refers to molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element?

A

elemental molecules

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12
Q

What businesses primarily use oil-in-water emulsions?

A

salons and spas

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13
Q

What is the difference between water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions?

A

W/O emulsions are greasier

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14
Q

What are most skin care products? W/O or O/W

A

emulsions of oil and water

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15
Q

What term means “water-loving”?

A

hydrophilic

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16
Q

What term means “oil-loving”?

A

lipophilic

17
Q

How much of the air is made of nitrogen?

A

four-fifths

18
Q

What is the science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions?

A

chemistry

19
Q

What are the two branches of chemistry?

A

organic and inorganic

20
Q

What element is absent from the compounds studied in inorganic chemistry?

A

carbon

21
Q

What is the study of substances that contain carbon?

A

organic chemistry

22
Q

What element is found in all living things, whether they are plants or animals?

A

carbon

23
Q

What is any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution?

A

solute

24
Q

What do antioxidants prevent by neutralizing free radicals?

A

oxidation

25
Q

What type of neutralization reaction forms water and salt?

A

acid-alkali

26
Q

What is the natural pH of the skin?

A

5.5

27
Q

What term refers to substances with a pH below 7.0?

A

acids

28
Q

What are substances with a pH above 7.0?

A

alkalis

29
Q

What type of substance has a pH level of 7.0?

A

neutral

30
Q

What are suspensions?

A

unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances

31
Q

What is reduction?

A

loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen

32
Q

What is the term that refers to matter in its three physical forms?

A

states of matter

33
Q

How much of the Earth’s surface, approximately, is water?

A

75%

Esthetics (4 decks)

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