Chapter 7: Basics of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What has physical properties that we can see, smell, taste, and touch?

A

Matter

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2
Q

What causes oxidation?

A

Addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen

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3
Q

What is an ion?

A

Atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

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4
Q

What is an atom with a positive charge?

A

Cation

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5
Q

What is an ion with a negative charge?

A

Anion

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6
Q

What does the term miscible mean?

A

Capable of being mixed

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7
Q

What is united with the aid of an emulsifier to create an emulsion?

A

Two or more immiscible substances

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8
Q

What is a solution?

A

Uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances

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9
Q

What is air?

A

Gaseous mixture that makes up the earth’s atmosphere

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10
Q

What term refers to molecules that contain two or more a tums of the same element?

A

Chemical molecules

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11
Q

What term refers to molecules that contain two or more atoms of the same element?

A

elemental molecules

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12
Q

What businesses primarily use oil-in-water emulsions?

A

salons and spas

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13
Q

What is the difference between water-in-oil emulsions and oil-in-water emulsions?

A

W/O emulsions are greasier

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14
Q

What are most skin care products? W/O or O/W

A

emulsions of oil and water

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15
Q

What term means “water-loving”?

A

hydrophilic

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16
Q

What term means “oil-loving”?

A

lipophilic

17
Q

How much of the air is made of nitrogen?

A

four-fifths

18
Q

What is the science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions?

19
Q

What are the two branches of chemistry?

A

organic and inorganic

20
Q

What element is absent from the compounds studied in inorganic chemistry?

21
Q

What is the study of substances that contain carbon?

A

organic chemistry

22
Q

What element is found in all living things, whether they are plants or animals?

23
Q

What is any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution?

24
Q

What do antioxidants prevent by neutralizing free radicals?

25
What type of neutralization reaction forms water and salt?
acid-alkali
26
What is the natural pH of the skin?
5.5
27
What term refers to substances with a pH below 7.0?
acids
28
What are substances with a pH above 7.0?
alkalis
29
What type of substance has a pH level of 7.0?
neutral
30
What are suspensions?
unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible substances
31
What is reduction?
loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen
32
What is the term that refers to matter in its three physical forms?
states of matter
33
How much of the Earth's surface, approximately, is water?
75%