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Esthetics > Chapter 6: General Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 6: General Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How much blood does the human body contain?

A

8-10 pints

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2
Q

What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?

A

blood

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3
Q

What are platelets?

A

blood components that contribute to the blood-clotting process

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4
Q

What is another term for white blood cells?

A

leukocytes

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5
Q

What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues?

A

histology

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6
Q

What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues?

A

to understand the effect services have on the body

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7
Q

What is protoplasm?

A

substance of which the cells of all living things are composed

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8
Q

What is the process of cell reproduction called?

A

mitosis

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9
Q

What is the sternum?

A

flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs

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10
Q

What part of the hand is supplied by the radial nerve and its branches?

A

back

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11
Q

What is the fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?

A

plasma

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12
Q

What is true of the origin part of a muscle?

A

it is attached to the skeleton

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13
Q

What are structures composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?

A

organs

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14
Q

Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?

A

so the nervous and muscular systems can function properly

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15
Q

What is true of the pituitary gland?

A

it is the most complex organ of the endocrine system

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16
Q

What organ in the endocrine system secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

A

pancreas

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17
Q

What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?

A

hormones

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18
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

breathing

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19
Q

What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?

A

protecting the body from disease

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20
Q

What is the primary function of the skeletal system?

A

providing the physical foundation of the body

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21
Q

What is osteology?

A

study of bones

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22
Q

What is a term that means “bone” and is used as a prefix in many medical terms?

A

os

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23
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

moving blood through the body

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24
Q

What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?

A

skeletal tissue

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25
Q

What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste?

A

digestive

26
Q

What is the primary function of the excretory system?

A

purifying the body by elimination of waste matter

27
Q

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

A

perpetuating the human race

28
Q

What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?

A

nervous

29
Q

What is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?

A

joint

30
Q

What body system serves as a protective covering for the body?

A

integumentary

31
Q

What is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function?

A

tissue

32
Q

What are valves?

A

structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only

33
Q

Where in the skull is the occipital bone located?

A

back

34
Q

How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?

A

two

35
Q

What are the two phases of metabolism?

A

anabolism and catabolism

36
Q

What is the metabolic process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones?

A

anabolism

37
Q

When, during metabolism, are complex compounds within the cells broken down into smaller ones?

A

catabolism

38
Q

What body system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?

A

endocrine

39
Q

Where in the body does the spinal cord originate?

A

brain

40
Q

What are glands?

A

specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood

41
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

gland-like structures found inside the lymphatic vessels

42
Q

What are two physical characteristics of lymph?

A

colorless and watery

43
Q

What binds tissues of the body together?

A

connective tissue

44
Q

What type of tissue provides a protective covering on body surfaces?

A

epithelial

45
Q

What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?

A

nerve tissue

46
Q

What organ circulates the blood?

A

heart

47
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A

excrete water and waste products

48
Q

What is the name of the two bones that form the bridge of the nose?

A

nasal

49
Q

What is the largest and strongest bone in the face?

A

mandible

50
Q

What is formed by the 12 pairs of bones in the ribs?

A

sternum

51
Q

What serves as the protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs?

A

thorax

52
Q

What are small vessels that connect capillaries to veins?

A

venules

53
Q

What term refers to thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries?

A

veins

54
Q

What gland controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes proteins?

A

thyroid

55
Q

What supplies oxygen to the blood?

A

lungs

56
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

removing waste created by digestion

57
Q

What organ aids the intestines in the digestion of food?

A

stomach

58
Q

What is defecation?

A

eliminating waste from the body

59
Q

What is the term for taking food into the body?

A

ingestion

60
Q
A

Esthetics (4 decks)

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