Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What general bones does the axial skeleton include?
Bones in:
- the skull
- the thoracic cage
- the vertebral column
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
How many cranial bones are there?
8
How many facial bones are there?
14
How many bones are there in the skull?
22
How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?
24
What bones are contained in the vertebral column?
- 24 vertebrae
- sacrum
- coccyx
What bones can be found in the thoracic cage?
- 24 ribs
- Sternum
Functions of the axial skeleton?
- Supports and protects organs
- Provides a point of attachment for muscles that:
- adjust head, neck and trunk position
- allow breathing
- stabilize appendicular skeleton
What is the function of the cranial bones?
-To enclose the brain cavity
What is the function of facial bones?
-Protectin and support for entrances of digestive and respiratory tracts
What are the 8 cranial bones?
- 1 occipital
- 2 parietal
- 2 temporal
- 1 sphenoid
- 1 ethmoid
- 1 frontal
What are the 14 facial bones?
- 2 maxillae
- 2 pallatine
- 2 lacrimae
- 2 nasal
- 2 zygomatic
- 2 inferior nasal conche
- 1 mandible
- 1 vomer
What are the 7 associated bones in the axial skeleton?
- Hyoid
- 6 auditory ossicles
What are the four different types of sutures?
- lambdoid
- squamous
- saggital
- coronal
Where is the lambdoid suture located?
Between the parietal and occipital bones
Where is the coronal suture located?
Between the frontal bone and the parietal bones
Where is the squamous suture located?
Between the parietal bones and the temporal bones
Where is the saggital suture located?
Between the parietal bones
What is this an image of?
Coronal suture
What is this an image of?
Lambdoid suture
What is this an image of?
Saggital suture
What is this an image of?
Squamous suture
What is the function of the occipital bone?
Forms a majority of the posterior and inferior surface of the cranium
What are the different markings on the occipital bone? (7)
- external occipital protuberance
- external occipital crest
- occipital condyles
- inferior and superior nuchal lines
- foramen magnum
- jugular foramen
- hypoglossal canals
What is number 6 in this image?
Foramen magnum
What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?
Connects the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal
What is the marking associated with #1?
External occipital protuberance
What is the bone marking associated with #3?
Superior nuchal line
What is the bone marking associated with #4?
External occipital crest
What is the bone marking associated with #5?
Inferior nuchal line
What bone marking is associated with #10?
Jugular notch
What is the bone marking located at #11?
Occipital condyle
What is the purpose of the jugular foramen?
For the internal jugular vein to fit through
What are the hypoglossal canals?
Hypoglossal nerves flow through them
What is the external occipital protuberance?
A small bump on the middle of the inferior surface
What is the external occipital crest?
Allows for attachment of the ligamentum nuchae
What is the purpose of the occipital condyles?
They articulate with the first vertebra
What is the purpose of the superior and inferior nuchal lines?
For muscle and ligament attachment
What part of the skull do the parietal bones cover?
The majority of the superior and lateral surface
What are the bone markings associated with the parietal bones?
- The superior and inferior temporal lines
- Grooves
What bone are the superior and inferior temporal lines located on?
The parietal bones
What is the purpose of the grooves on the parietal bones?
For cranial blood vessels
What are the two lines called on the parietal bones?
The superior and inferior temporal lines
What portion of the skull does the frontal bone form?
- Anterior portion of cranium
- Roof of eye sockets
What are the different bone markings of the frontal bone? (7)
- Forehead
- Supraorbital margin
- Glabella
- Lacrimal fossa
- Frontal sinuses
- Supra-orbital foramen
- Supra-orbital notch
Where is the Glabella located?
-Between the supra orbital margins of the roof of the eye socket
What is the function of the supra-orbital margine?
Eye protection
What gland does the lacrimal fossa contain?
The lacrimal gland
Where are the frontal sinuses located?
In the nasal cavity
What is the purpose of the supra-orbital foramen?
For blood vessels of the eyebrows, eyelids and frontal sinuses
What is a supra-orbital notch and where is it located?
- an incomplete supra-orbital foramen
- at the ridge of the upper eye socket
What part of the skull do the temporal bones cover? What functions do they have?
- The lateral walls of the skull
- attach with mandable
- surround and protect inner ear
- attach muscles of jaw and head
What are the bone markings of the temporal bones? (7)
- Mandibular fossa
- Squamous part
- Zygomatic process
- Mastoid process
- Styloid process
- Petrous part
- Auditory ossicles
Where is the squamous part located?
-Borders the squamous suture
Where is the zygomatic process located? What does it articulate with to create the zygomatic process?
- Inferior to the squamous part
- With the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
What is the mandibular fossa?
-The site of articulation with the mandible
What is the purpose of the mastoid process?
-Muscle attachment
What is the purpose of the styloid process?
- Articulation of ligaments and tendons of:
- Hyoid
- Tongue
- Pharynx
What is the purpose of the Petrous part?
-To enclose the structures of the internal ear
What is the purpose of the corotid canal?
-Housing the internal carotid artery
What does the foramen lacerum contain?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Small arteries
- Auditory tube
What are the foramina of the temporal bone? (5)
- Carotid canal
- Foramen lacerum
- External acoustic meatus
- Stylomastoid foramen
- Internal acoustic meatus
What is the purpose of the stylomastoid foramen?
-House the facial nerve
What does the internal acoustic meatus contain?
- Blood vessels and nerves of internal ear
- Facial nerve
