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Anatomy and Physiology I > Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What general bones does the axial skeleton include?

A

Bones in:

  • the skull
  • the thoracic cage
  • the vertebral column
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2
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

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3
Q

How many cranial bones are there?

A

8

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4
Q

How many facial bones are there?

A

14

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5
Q

How many bones are there in the skull?

A

22

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6
Q

How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?

A

24

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7
Q

What bones are contained in the vertebral column?

A
  • 24 vertebrae
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
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8
Q

What bones can be found in the thoracic cage?

A
  • 24 ribs
  • Sternum
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9
Q

Functions of the axial skeleton?

A
  • Supports and protects organs
  • Provides a point of attachment for muscles that:
  • adjust head, neck and trunk position
  • allow breathing
  • stabilize appendicular skeleton
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10
Q

What is the function of the cranial bones?

A

-To enclose the brain cavity

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11
Q

What is the function of facial bones?

A

-Protectin and support for entrances of digestive and respiratory tracts

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12
Q

What are the 8 cranial bones?

A
  • 1 occipital
  • 2 parietal
  • 2 temporal
  • 1 sphenoid
  • 1 ethmoid
  • 1 frontal
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13
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A
  • 2 maxillae
  • 2 pallatine
  • 2 lacrimae
  • 2 nasal
  • 2 zygomatic
  • 2 inferior nasal conche
  • 1 mandible
  • 1 vomer
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14
Q

What are the 7 associated bones in the axial skeleton?

A
  • Hyoid
  • 6 auditory ossicles
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15
Q

What are the four different types of sutures?

A
  • lambdoid
  • squamous
  • saggital
  • coronal
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16
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture located?

A

Between the parietal and occipital bones

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17
Q

Where is the coronal suture located?

A

Between the frontal bone and the parietal bones

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18
Q

Where is the squamous suture located?

A

Between the parietal bones and the temporal bones

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19
Q

Where is the saggital suture located?

A

Between the parietal bones

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20
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Coronal suture

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21
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Lambdoid suture

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22
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Saggital suture

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23
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Squamous suture

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24
Q

What is the function of the occipital bone?

A

Forms a majority of the posterior and inferior surface of the cranium

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25
Q

What are the different markings on the occipital bone? (7)

A
  • external occipital protuberance
  • external occipital crest
  • occipital condyles
  • inferior and superior nuchal lines
  • foramen magnum
  • jugular foramen
  • hypoglossal canals
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26
Q

What is number 6 in this image?

A

Foramen magnum

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27
Q

What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?

A

Connects the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal

28
Q

What is the marking associated with #1?

A

External occipital protuberance

29
Q

What is the bone marking associated with #3?

A

Superior nuchal line

30
Q

What is the bone marking associated with #4?

A

External occipital crest

31
Q

What is the bone marking associated with #5?

A

Inferior nuchal line

32
Q

What bone marking is associated with #10?

A

Jugular notch

33
Q

What is the bone marking located at #11?

A

Occipital condyle

34
Q

What is the purpose of the jugular foramen?

A

For the internal jugular vein to fit through

35
Q

What are the hypoglossal canals?

A

Hypoglossal nerves flow through them

36
Q

What is the external occipital protuberance?

A

A small bump on the middle of the inferior surface

37
Q

What is the external occipital crest?

A

Allows for attachment of the ligamentum nuchae

38
Q

What is the purpose of the occipital condyles?

A

They articulate with the first vertebra

39
Q

What is the purpose of the superior and inferior nuchal lines?

A

For muscle and ligament attachment

40
Q

What part of the skull do the parietal bones cover?

A

The majority of the superior and lateral surface

41
Q

What are the bone markings associated with the parietal bones?

A
  • The superior and inferior temporal lines
  • Grooves
42
Q

What bone are the superior and inferior temporal lines located on?

A

The parietal bones

43
Q

What is the purpose of the grooves on the parietal bones?

A

For cranial blood vessels

44
Q

What are the two lines called on the parietal bones?

A

The superior and inferior temporal lines

45
Q

What portion of the skull does the frontal bone form?

A
  • Anterior portion of cranium
  • Roof of eye sockets
46
Q

What are the different bone markings of the frontal bone? (7)

A
  • Forehead
  • Supraorbital margin
  • Glabella
  • Lacrimal fossa
  • Frontal sinuses
  • Supra-orbital foramen
  • Supra-orbital notch
47
Q

Where is the Glabella located?

A

-Between the supra orbital margins of the roof of the eye socket

48
Q

What is the function of the supra-orbital margine?

A

Eye protection

49
Q

What gland does the lacrimal fossa contain?

A

The lacrimal gland

50
Q

Where are the frontal sinuses located?

A

In the nasal cavity

51
Q

What is the purpose of the supra-orbital foramen?

A

For blood vessels of the eyebrows, eyelids and frontal sinuses

52
Q

What is a supra-orbital notch and where is it located?

A
  • an incomplete supra-orbital foramen
  • at the ridge of the upper eye socket
53
Q

What part of the skull do the temporal bones cover? What functions do they have?

A
  • The lateral walls of the skull
  • attach with mandable
  • surround and protect inner ear
  • attach muscles of jaw and head
54
Q

What are the bone markings of the temporal bones? (7)

A
  • Mandibular fossa
  • Squamous part
  • Zygomatic process
  • Mastoid process
  • Styloid process
  • Petrous part
  • Auditory ossicles
55
Q

Where is the squamous part located?

A

-Borders the squamous suture

56
Q

Where is the zygomatic process located? What does it articulate with to create the zygomatic process?

A
  • Inferior to the squamous part
  • With the temporal process of the zygomatic bone
57
Q

What is the mandibular fossa?

A

-The site of articulation with the mandible

58
Q

What is the purpose of the mastoid process?

A

-Muscle attachment

59
Q

What is the purpose of the styloid process?

A
  • Articulation of ligaments and tendons of:
  • Hyoid
  • Tongue
  • Pharynx
60
Q

What is the purpose of the Petrous part?

A

-To enclose the structures of the internal ear

61
Q

What is the purpose of the corotid canal?

A

-Housing the internal carotid artery

62
Q

What does the foramen lacerum contain?

A
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Small arteries
  • Auditory tube
63
Q

What are the foramina of the temporal bone? (5)

A
  • Carotid canal
  • Foramen lacerum
  • External acoustic meatus
  • Stylomastoid foramen
  • Internal acoustic meatus
64
Q
A
65
Q

What is the purpose of the stylomastoid foramen?

A

-House the facial nerve

66
Q

What does the internal acoustic meatus contain?

A
  • Blood vessels and nerves of internal ear
  • Facial nerve
67
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology I (3 decks)

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