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EMT Crash Course > Chapter 7: Anatomy and Physiology / Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Anatomy and Physiology / Medical Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the body’s structure

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2
Q

physiology

A

the study of the body’s function

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3
Q

pathophysiology

A

the study of disease

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4
Q

homeostasis

A

the state of balance or equilibrium within the body

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5
Q

anatomical position

A

standing position, arms at sides, palms forward

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6
Q

midline

A

divides L/R

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7
Q

transverse

A

divides T/B at level of umbilicus

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8
Q

frontal

A

divides anterior/posterior

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9
Q

anterior/ventral

A

front

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10
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

back

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11
Q

superior

A

top

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12
Q

inferior

A

bottom

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13
Q

proximal

A

closer to point of attachment

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14
Q

distal

A

farther from point of attachment

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15
Q

medial

A

close to midline

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16
Q

lateral

A

far from midline

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17
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline

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18
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline

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19
Q

extension

A

straightening the joint (increasing angle)

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20
Q

flexion

A

bending the joint (decreasing angle)

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21
Q

supline

A

lying on your back, face up

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22
Q

prone

A

lying on your stomach, face down

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23
Q

fowler position

A

seated with head elevated

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24
Q

recovery position

A

lying on the left or right side

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25
Q

4 Abdominal Quadrants

A 
Left upper (LUQ) / right upper (RUQ) / left lower (LLQ) / 
right lower (RLQ)
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26
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

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27
Q

tendons

A

connect bone to muscle

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28
Q

cartilage

A

connective tissue that allows smooth movement of joints

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29
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, spinal column, rib cage

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30
Q

thoracic cavity

A

rib cage; houses heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, great vessels

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31
Q

frontal bone

A

forehead

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32
Q

parietal bone

A

top of head, between frontal and occipital

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33
Q

occipital bone

A

posterior portion of skull

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34
Q

temporal bone

A

lateral bones, above cheekbones

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35
Q

maxillae

A

forms upper jaw, above upper teeth

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36
Q

mandible

A

movable portion of lower jaw

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37
Q

zygomatic bone

A

cheekbone

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38
Q

nasal bone

A

the nose

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39
Q

foramen magnum

A

opening in the occipital bone where brain connects to spinal cord

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40
Q

spinal column

A

central supporting structure protecting spinal cord

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41
Q

no. vertebrae

A

33 (9 fused)

42
Q

spinal column descending order (no. vertebrae / label)

A 
cervical (7 / C1 - C7)
thoracic (12 / T1 - T12) 
lumbar (5 / L1 - L5) 
sacrum (5 fused)
coccyx (4 fused)
43
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

44
Q

manubrium

A

upper portion of sternum

45
Q

body

A

middle portion of sternum

46
Q

xiphoid process

A

inferior tip of sternum

47
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

includes bones of arms, legs, pelvis

48
Q

shoulder girdle

A

formed by clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), humerus (upper arm)

49
Q

humerus

A

upper arm

50
Q

radius

A

lateral bone of forearm (thumb side)

51
Q

ulna

A

medial bone of forearm

52
Q

carpal bones

A

wrist

53
Q

metacarpals

A

base of fingers

54
Q

phalanges

A

fingers

55
Q

pelvis

A

ring-shaped structure formed by illium, ischiu, and pubis

56
Q

illium

A

upper portion of pelvis

57
Q

ischium

A

lower portion of pelvis

58
Q

pubis

A

anterior portion of pelvis

59
Q

femur

A

thigh bone (strongest in body)

60
Q

patella

A

kneecap

61
Q

tibia

A

medial bone of lower leg (shinbone)

62
Q

fibula

A

lateral bone of the lower leg

63
Q

tarsal bones

A

ankle

64
Q

metatarsal

A

base of toes

65
Q

phalanges

A

toes

66
Q

joints

A

where two long bones come together

67
Q

symphysis

A

joint with limited motion

68
Q

ball-and-socket joint

A

distal end is capable of free motion, such as shoulder

69
Q

hinge joint

A

bones can move only uniaxially, such as knee

70
Q

three muscle types

A

smooth, skeletal, cardiac

71
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary muscle located within the blood vessels and digestive tract

72
Q

skeletal

A

voluntary muscle that attaches to the skeleton

73
Q

bicep

A

anterior humerus

74
Q

tricep

A

posterior humerus

75
Q

pectralis

A

anterior chest

76
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

posterior chest

77
Q

rectus abdominis

A

abdominal muscles

78
Q

quadriceps

A

anterior femur (4 muscles)

79
Q

biceps femoris

A

posterior femur; part of hamstring muscle

80
Q

gluteus

A

buttocks (3 muscles)

81
Q

respiratory system physiology

A
  1. provides adequate oxygen
  2. eliminates waste products such as CO2
  3. Regulates pH levels (homeostasis)
82
Q

components of upper airway

A
  1. nose and mouth
  2. nasopharynx
  3. oropharynx
  4. larynx
  5. epiglottis
83
Q

nasopharynx

A

upper part of throat behind nose

84
Q

oropharynx

A

area of throat behind mouth

85
Q

larynx

A

voice box

86
Q

epiglottis

A

valve protecting opening of trachea

87
Q

FBAO

A

foreign-body airway obstruction (tongue most common)

88
Q

components of lower airway

A
  1. trachea
  2. carina
  3. left and right mainstem bronchi
  4. bronchioles
  5. alveoli
89
Q

carina

A

where trachea branches into left and right mainstem bronchi

90
Q

left and right mainstem bronchi

A

primary branches of trachea leading to left/right lungs

91
Q

bronchioles

A

smaller branches of bronchi

92
Q

alveoli

A

only place in respiratory system where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

93
Q

What is the component to which all superior airway structures route air?

A

alveoli

94
Q

What are alveoli in contact with?

A

pulmonary capillaries

95
Q

What do pulmonary capillaries do?

A

diffuse carbon dioxide from body to alveoli

96
Q

To where do alveoli diffuse oxygen?

A

from respiratory system to body

97
Q

What substance helps keep alveoli from collapsing?

A

surfactant

98
Q

pleura

A

two thin, smooth layers of tissue with thin film of fluid in between - allow frictionless movement across one another

99
Q

visceral pleura

A

lines the outer surface of lungs

100
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines inside surface of chest cavity

101
Q

pleura function

A

during inhalation, expanding chest causes parietal pleura to pull visceral pleura, which pull the lungs

EMT Crash Course (2 decks)

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