Chapter 7 - Acids, bases, and ions in aqueous solutions Flashcards
Molarity of water
55.5
Maximum density of H2O is at
277 K
Strength of a hydrogen bond in ice and water
~ 25 kJ/mol
Lifetime of a given H2O molecule
1 picosecond
Kw of water
1 x 10^-14
Self ionizing
When a pure liquid partially dissociates into ions.
Bronsted acids act as a
proton donor.
Bronsted bases act as a
proton acceptor.
Ka
Acid dissociation constant.
Kb
Base dissociation constant.
Kw
Self-ionization constant of water.
The activity of any pure substance in its standard state is defined to be
unity.
The larger the value of Ka, the
stronger the acid.
The smaller the value of pKa, the
stronger the acid.
The larger the value of pKb, the
stronger the base.
The smaller the value of pKb, the
stronger the base.
Standard state for liquid or solid substance conditions
298K and 1 bar pressure
Standard state for solute in solution definition
a situation of infinite dilution.
Standard state of solute in solution conditions
standard molality (mo), 1 bar pressure, experiencing infinitely dilute behavior
Activity definition
A measure of concentration that takes into account the interactions between the solution species.
The relative activity of a solute is related to its
molality.
Oxoacid definition
A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by proton loss.
Order of ∇Ho in hydrogen halides
HF < HCl < HBr ≈ HI
Bell’s rule relates
the first acid dissociation constant to the number of ‘hydrogen-free’ O atoms in an acid of formula EOn(OH)m
Bell’s rule equation
pKa ≈ 8 - 5n
Hydration is
the specific case of solvation when the solvent is water.
In the aqueous chemistry of cations, hydrolysis refers to
the reversible loss of H+ from an aqua species.
Charge density of an ion =
charge of the ion ÷ surface area of the ion
Surface area of a sphere =
4(pi)r2
Amphoteric
An oxide or hydroxide that can act as either an acid or a base.
The solubility of a solid at a specific temperature is
the amount of solid (solute) that dissolves in a specified amount of solvent when equilibrium is reached.
Ksp
solubility constant
Gravimetric analysis
A quantitative technique in which the material under study is isolated as a precipitate.
Coordinate bond
Formed when a Lewis base donates a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid.
Adduct
Resulting species made by a coordinate bond.
Solvent extraction involves
the extraction of a substance using a suitable solvent.
______ ligands form more stable complexes than ________ ligands.
polydentate, monodentate
The denticity of a ligand is the
number of donor atoms through which the ligand coordinates to a metal atom or ion.
Chelate effect
For a given metal ion, the thermodynamic stability of a chelated complex involving bidentate or polydentate ligands is greater than that of a complex containing a corresponding number of comparable monodentate ligands.
Hard acids form more stable complexes with
hard bases.
Hard bases form more stable complexes with
hard acids.
