Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to Neuroscience > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Sagital Plane

A

Divides the brain into left and right hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Horizontal Plane

A

Divides the brain into dorsal and ventral parts (hamburger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Divides the brain into anterior and posterior parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are spinal nerves part of the central or peripheral nervous system ?

A

Spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vertebral Column

A

Protects the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dorsal root ganglia

A

Cell bodies’ of the spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dorsal root / Afferent axons

Ventral root / Efferent Axons

A

Signals from the body enters the spinal cord from dorsal root via afferent axons (arrive).
Signals from the brain enters the spinal cord from ventral room via efferent axons. (exist).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sagittal Fissure

A

Cerebral Hemispheres are divided by sagittal fissure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is cerebellum control the ipsilateral or contralateral part of the body?

A

Cerebellum controls the ipsilateral part of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  1. Somatic Peripheral Nervous System (voluntary control)

2. Visceral Peripheral Nervous system ( Sympathetic and Parasympathetic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do spinal and cranial nerves arise from?

A
  • Spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord and they are not part of the central nervous system.
  • Cranial nerves arise from the brainstem and innervate mostly the head.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The Meninges :

A
  1. Dura Matter
  2. Arachnoid Membrane
  3. Pia Matter
    - The space between dura matter and arachnoid membrane is called ‘subdural space’
    - The space between arachnoid membrane and pia matter is called ‘subarachnoid space’
    - Subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

Collection of blood gathers in the subdural space because of the ruptured blood vessels passing through the dura matter.
Treatment : Drill a hole in the skull and drain the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Choroid Plexus :

A

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the choroid plexus inside the lateral ventricles.
Cerebrospinal fluid produced in the choroid plexus flows towars the brain stem and enters the subarachnoid space.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrocephalus :

A

Cerebrospinal fluid produced in the choroid plexus in lateral ventricles flows towards the brain stem and enters the subarachnoid space (space between arachnoid membrane and pia matter), if CSF cannot go into subarachnoid space this causes a swelling of ventricles. Hydrocephalus goes unnoticed in babies until their head becomes enourmously big but for adults hydrocephalus is a fatal problem because their head cannot get any bigger.
Treatment : drain off the fluid inside the swollen ventricle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Layers of embryo

A
  1. Endoderm : gives rise to many internal organs (visceral).
  2. Mesoderm : gives rise to bones of the skeleton and the muscles.
  3. Ectoderm : Gives rise to the nervous system and the skin.
17
Q

Formation of Neural Tube :

A
  1. Changes in ectoderm gives rise to ‘neural plate’
  2. Then neural groove.
  3. Walls of the neural groove is called : neural fold.
  4. Neural folds fuse together and form ‘Neural Tube’. (Entire central nervous system develops from it).
  5. Neural folds become ‘neural crest’(peripheral nervous system neurons arise from it).
  6. Mesoderm becomes somities and from somities vertebrae of the spinal cord and skeletal muscles develop.
18
Q

Neurulation

A

Neurulation is the process where neural plate becomes neural tube.

19
Q

Primary Vesicles :

A
  1. Proencephalon (forebrain)
  2. Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  3. Rhombencephalon (hindbrain).
    These 3 primary vesicles differentiate from the rostral end of the neural tube.
20
Q

Gray matter structures that are formed from the neurons in the forebrain :

A

The Cerebral Cortex

The Basal Telencephalon

21
Q

White matter structures that are formed in the forebrain :

A
  1. The Cortical White Matter : connections between cortical regions.
  2. The Corpus Callosum
  3. Internal Capsule : important for the connection between cortex and thalamus. Sensory information from thalamus goes to the cortex via internal capsule.
22
Q

Where is 3rd ventricle ?

A

Thalamus is on either side of the 3rd ventricle. : so it must be in the forebrain.

23
Q

Cerebral aqueduct :

A
  • It is cerebrospinal fluid filled space that is located in between tectum and tegmentum.
  • It connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle.
  • Cerebral aqueduct is important for identifying the midbrain.
24
Q

Midbrain Differentiates into;

A
  1. Tectum
  2. Tegmentum
    - Tectum differentiates into ;
  3. Superior Colliculus (vision)
  4. Inferior Colliculus (Auditory)
    - Tegmentum differentiates into;
    - Substantia nigra (important for movement initiation)
    - Red nucleus
25
Q

Hindbrain Differentiates into ;

A
  1. Metencephalon (rostral part) :
    - Cerebellum
    - Pons
  2. Myelencephalon (caudal part)
    - Medulla (you have medullary pyramids as well).
26
Q

Rhombic Lips

A

Dorso-lateral walls of the metencephalon are called ‘Rhombic Lips’.
Rhombic Lips fuse together and form ‘cerebellum’.

27
Q

4th Ventricle

A

4th ventricle is located in the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) part of the brain between cerebellum and pons.

28
Q

Cerebellum :

A

Cerebellum receives input from spinal cord and the pons.
The input from spinal cord is about the body’s position and the input from pons is about the movement goal.
Cerebrospinal tract axons connect with the pontine cells of the pons and inform the pons about the movement goal and pons connects with the cerebellum.
Pons is important for connecting cerebral cortex to the cerebellum.

29
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Divides the Frontal Lobe from the Parietal Lobe

30
Q

Ventricles and key brain regions ;

A

Lateral Ventricles : Telencephalon
Third Ventricle : Diencephalon
Cerebral Aqueduct : Midbrain (between tectum and tegmentum).
Fourth Ventricle : Cerebellum , pons, medulla. (Hinbrain).

31
Q

Tectum and tegmentum differentiates into ;

A

Tectum ;
- Superior and inferior colliculus.
Tegmentum ;
- Substantia nigra and red nucleus.

32
Q

Cytoarchitectural mapping

A

Mapping the brain based on structure, anatomy not function.

33
Q

Gyri
Sulci
Fissure

A

Bumps are called : Gyri
Grooves are called : Sulci
Very deep grooves are called : Fissures

34
Q

Precentral gyrus , postcentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus are important for ;

A

Central sulcus divides frontal and parietal lobes.
Precentral gyrus is important for voluntary movements.
Postcentral gyrus is important for somatic sensation.
Superior Temporal gyrus is important for audition.

35
Q

Lateral Fissure

A

Divides temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lope.

36
Q

Fornix

A

Connects hippcampus with hypothalamus.

Introduction to Neuroscience (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions