Chapter 7 & 8 Flashcards
Willard Small’s research
using a modified version of the Hampton Court maze.
This research aimed to determine…
which of the rat’s senses was critical to the learning process.
What did Willard Small conclude?
he concluded that rats rely on their muscle or kinesthetic sense to learn and recall the maze
To test his kinesthetic idea directly he completed a simple yet elegant study with his colleague
Harvey Carr
They predicted that
rats trained on the longer maze might literally run into the walls when the maze was shortened similarly, when the maze was made longer the rats would turn too early
What we know:
four basic research designs
How many IV and levels do these four research basic research designs have?
1 IV and 2 Levels
The independent variable can be tested:
either Between or Within
If the independent variable is tested between subjects then it could be either a
Manipulated variable or an organismic/subject variable
If the independent variable is manipulated, the design will be called
an independent groups design
Independent groups design is
a between subjects groups that uses a manipulated independent variable and has at least two groups of participants; subjects are randomly assigned to groups
If the simple random assignment is used to create equivalent groups or…
matched groups design
matched groups design
a between subjects design that uses a manipulated independent variable and has at least two groups of participants; subjects are matched on some variable assumed assumed to affect the outcome before being randomly assigned to the groups
If a subject variable is being investigated…
the groups are composed of different types of individuals
This design where the groups are composed of different individuals in which the subject variables are being investigated are called an…
“ex post facto” design
An “ex post facto” design also means…
“after the fact”
of their already existing characteristics “natural groups”
Nonequivalent groups design
a between groups design with at least two groups of participants cannot be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups
It is called a nonequivalent group design
because groups are made up of different kind of individuals in this kind of design and there differences make the groups by definition “nonequivalent”
How do researchers try to reduce the nonequivalence?
this is done by matching the groups on a variety of factors and controlling extraneous factors as much as they can
Repeated-measures design
another name for with-in groups design; participants are tested in each of the experimenter’s conditions
Each participant in the study experiences each level on the independent variable
Repeated-measure design
The study using a single factor design with two levels is by
Kasser and Sheldon
The study done my Kasser and Sheldon looked at…
which looked at the relationship between insecurity and one’s materialist leanings
Where did Kassr and Sheldon derive their idea from the humanistic/existential tradition in psychology, which proposes…
When people focus their lives on making money and buying everything in sight, they do out of desire to overcome deep-rooted feelings of insecurity
