Chapter 7 & 8

Question 1

Willard Small’s research

Answer 1

using a modified version of the Hampton Court maze.

Question 2

This research aimed to determine…

Answer 2

which of the rat’s senses was critical to the learning process.

Question 3

What did Willard Small conclude?

Answer 3

he concluded that rats rely on their muscle or kinesthetic sense to learn and recall the maze

Question 4

To test his kinesthetic idea directly he completed a simple yet elegant study with his colleague

Answer 4

Harvey Carr

Question 5

They predicted that

Answer 5

rats trained on the longer maze might literally run into the walls when the maze was shortened similarly, when the maze was made longer the rats would turn too early

Question 6

What we know:

Answer 6

four basic research designs

Question 7

How many IV and levels do these four research basic research designs have?

Answer 7

1 IV and 2 Levels

Question 8

The independent variable can be tested:

Answer 8

either Between or Within

Question 9

If the independent variable is tested between subjects then it could be either a

Answer 9

Manipulated variable or an organismic/subject variable

Question 10

If the independent variable is manipulated, the design will be called

Answer 10

an independent groups design

Question 11

Independent groups design is

Answer 11

a between subjects groups that uses a manipulated independent variable and has at least two groups of participants; subjects are randomly assigned to groups

Question 12

If the simple random assignment is used to create equivalent groups or…

Answer 12

matched groups design

Question 13

matched groups design

Answer 13

a between subjects design that uses a manipulated independent variable and has at least two groups of participants; subjects are matched on some variable assumed assumed to affect the outcome before being randomly assigned to the groups

Question 14

If a subject variable is being investigated…

Answer 14

the groups are composed of different types of individuals

Question 15

This design where the groups are composed of different individuals in which the subject variables are being investigated are called an…

Answer 15

“ex post facto” design

Question 16

An “ex post facto” design also means…

Answer 16

“after the fact”

of their already existing characteristics “natural groups”

Question 17

Nonequivalent groups design

Answer 17

a between groups design with at least two groups of participants cannot be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups

Question 18

It is called a nonequivalent group design

Answer 18

because groups are made up of different kind of individuals in this kind of design and there differences make the groups by definition “nonequivalent”

Question 19

How do researchers try to reduce the nonequivalence?

Answer 19

this is done by matching the groups on a variety of factors and controlling extraneous factors as much as they can

Question 20

Repeated-measures design

Answer 20

another name for with-in groups design; participants are tested in each of the experimenter’s conditions

Question 21

Each participant in the study experiences each level on the independent variable

Answer 21

Repeated-measure design

Question 22

The study using a single factor design with two levels is by

Answer 22

Kasser and Sheldon

Question 23

The study done my Kasser and Sheldon looked at…

Answer 23

which looked at the relationship between insecurity and one’s materialist leanings

Question 24

Where did Kassr and Sheldon derive their idea from the humanistic/existential tradition in psychology, which proposes…

Answer 24

When people focus their lives on making money and buying everything in sight, they do out of desire to overcome deep-rooted feelings of insecurity