Chapter 7&8 Flashcards
Apartheid
The legal separation of races into different geographic areas
Plessy vs. Ferguson
The supreme court ruled that “separate but equal” was constitutional
Brown vs. board of education
The Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional
Centripetal force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state (directed towards the center)
Centrifugal force
A force that tears apart political and ethnic groups (to spread out from the center)
Balkanization
The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
Ethnic cleansing
A purposeful policy designed by one ethnic group to remove another from a certain area through acts of terrorism and violence
Why is ethnicity especially important to geographers?
Because in the face of globalization trends in economy and culture, ethnicity stands as the strongest bulwark for the preservation of local diversity
What are the three largest US ethnicities?
Hispanic American 17%, African American 12%, and Asian American 5%
Where are these ethnicities found?
Hispanic Americans in the southwest, African Americans in the southeast, Asian Americans very scarcely scattered but mainly in California, and native Americans mainly in Alaska and New Mexico as well as scattered in the West half of the U.S.
What are the main two locations of origin for Brazil’s non indigenous population?
Portugal and West Africa
What is the conflict between how Brazil classifies it’s population and how they classify themselves?
Many Brazilians identify as ethnicities not even acknowledged by their government.
Explain the different circumstances in which most people from Africa, Latin America, and Asia migrated to the US.
African Americans travel through slavery (forced migration) to the colonies, and migrants traveled from Latin America and Asia through voluntary migration due to change in immigration laws
What caused many African Americans to leave the South?
Declining job opportunities in the South and booming industrial cities in the North
How did Jim Crow laws limit where AAs and other groups could live throughout the US?
House deeds contained restrictive covenants that prevented white owners from selling to blacks.
How did the government of South Africa ensure the segregation of their four races - black, white, colored, and Asian
Restrictions kept black and white neighborhoods separated, and schools were naturally designed to serve specific neighborhoods, aiding segregation.
How do most countries try to achieve citizen support?
By emphasizing shared attitudes that unify the people.
How was ethnicity the basis for the British separating West and East Pakistan from India?
Pakistan (Muslims) was separated from India (Hindus) due to a great antagonism between the two religions.
Describe the migrations caused by the partition of India.
The partition of South Asia into two states resulted in mass migration patterns from India to West and East Pakistan and Hindus migrating the opposite direction.
Explain the conflict over Kashmir.
Pakistan and India never agreed on a boundary for Kashmir so they have been fighting about it for years, India wanting to claim it, Pakistan wanting kashmiris to choose their own side.
What are some centripetal forces in South Asian countries?
It’s many large religions.
What are some centrifugal forces in South Asian countries?
It’s large variety of languages.
Who are the Kurds?
Sunni Muslims who speak a language in the iranian group of the Indo Iranian branch of Indo European and have distinctive literature, dress, and other cultural traditions.
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