chapter 7

Question 1

DNA topoisomers

Answer 1

relaxes super coiling

Question 2

Helicase (DNAB)

Answer 2

unwinds the double helix

Question 3

SSB

Answer 3

prevents the reannealing of separated strands

Question 4

primase

Answer 4

synthesizes RNA primers

Question 5

DNA polymerase III

Answer 5

synthesizes DNA

Question 6

DNA polymerase I

Answer 6

removes and replaces RNA primers with DNA

Question 7

DNA ligase

Answer 7

joins DNA (okazaki) segments

Question 8

3 steps of the polymerase chain reaction

Answer 8

denaturation
annealing
extension

Question 9

is produced by protein-encoding genes and is a short-lived intermediary between DNA and protein
the only type of RNA that undergoes translation

Answer 9

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 10

do not encode proteins but instead perform functional roles in the cell

Answer 10

functional RNAs (fRNA)

Question 11

encoded in dozens of forms, responsible for binding an amino acid and depositing it for inclusion into a growing protein chain

Answer 11

transfer RNA

Question 12

combines with numerous proteins to form ribosomes

Answer 12

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 13

promoter

Answer 13

site where RNA polymerase attaches to template

Question 14

cap

Answer 14

5’ end

Question 15

poly(A) tail

Answer 15

3’ end

Question 16

splicing

Answer 16

removes introns and joins exons

Question 17

introns

Answer 17

non-coding sequences that interrupt coding sequence (intervening sequence)

Question 18

exons

Answer 18

sequences that remain in the final mature mRNA

Question 19

transcription and RNA processing are coupled in prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Answer 19

eukaryotes

Question 20

main components of translation

Answer 20

1. mRNA
2. transfer RNA
3. ribosomes

Question 21

what are the ingredients necessary for a PCR reaction??

Answer 21

dNTPs , primers, template DNA, heat stable taq polymerase

Question 22

where does RNA polymerase add nucleotides and do they need a primer

Answer 22

3’-OH end and no

Question 23

translation

Answer 23

RNA directed synthesis of a polypeptide

Question 24

in ____ , the 5’ end of a pre-mRNA is modified by the addition of a ____

Answer 24

eukaryotes, 5’cap

Question 25

addition of a _____ to the 3’ end of pre-mRNA is only observed in

Answer 25

poly A tail, eukaryotes

Question 26

_____ are non-coding sequences removed from primary transcript by splicing

Answer 26

introns

Question 27

RNA polymerase(s) bind to _____ on the DNA template

Answer 27

promoters