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CSD 115- Unit 3 Exam > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describes the types of communication deficits seen in people who have sustained damage to the brain in one way or another.

A

Neurological Impairments

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2
Q

Related to linguistic programming, speech motor programming, and the production of expressive speech and language.

A

Broca’s Area

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3
Q

Primarily responsbile for the comprehension of speech and language and the formulation of language concepts.

A

Wernicke’s Area

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4
Q

Language that is formulated in Wernicke’s Area is transmitted (via the arcuate fasciculus) to…

A

Broca’s Area for speech to be programmed and transmitted to the muscles for speech.

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5
Q

The loss of the ability to comprehend or formulate language typically associated with neurological damage.

A

Aphasia

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6
Q

A disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language

A

Aphasia

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7
Q

Causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening, reading, and writing

A

Aphasia

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8
Q

What causes damage to the brain that results in Aphasia?

A

Typically caused by a stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident CVA)

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9
Q

What causes strokes?

A
  1. blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to brain (ischemic)
  2. Or bleeding in or around the brain (hemorrhagic)
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10
Q

Says, “A disturbance of one or more aspects of language comprehension, one or more aspects of language form and expression. The disturbance is caused by newly acquired disease of the CNS.”

A

Damasio (1981)

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11
Q

Types of Strokes (CVA)

A
  1. Ischemic

2. Hemorrhagic

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12
Q

Blockage in the artery that supplies blood (oxygen) to the brain.

A

Ischemic Stroke

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13
Q

“Gradual blockage”

A

Thrombosis

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14
Q

“Clot gets lodged in artery causing blockage”

A

Embolism

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15
Q

A bleed in the brain caused by an aneurysm

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

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16
Q

A bubble in the artery. Over time it gets weak and bursts

A

Aneurysm

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17
Q

Difficult with retrieving and producing words

A

Anomia

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18
Q

Sound and word substitutions that are often found in the speech of aphasic patients whose speech and language is fluent

A

Paraphasias

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19
Q

Words made up by patients with aphasia. They use them as though everyone understands them

A

Neologisms

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20
Q

Using normal intonation, prosody, and fluent speech and language while stringing together a series of meaningless words that don’t make sense to the listener.

A

Jargon

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21
Q

Deficit where articles, conjunctions, and grammatical morphemes might be left out. Effortful; short sentences tend to leave in nouns and/or verbs

A

Agrammatism

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22
Q

Leaving out most nouns and verbs, leaving in only non-content words.

A

Paragrammatism

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23
Q

Unintentional repetition of a word, sound or movement.

A

Perseveration

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24
Q
  1. Varies in severity
  2. Depends on extend and location of damage
  3. Damage associated with Wernicke’s Area and surrounding tissue
  4. Perhaps like hearing another language
A

Deficits of Comprehension associated with Aphasia

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25
May be able to understand simple conversation, but not complex
Aphasia
26
May be able to follow simple commands, but nothing more
Aphasia
27
Verbal anosia- "pure word deafness"- unable to comprehend any verbal language
Aphasia
28
Difficulty identifying sensory information.
Agnosias
29
Client is able to perceive the sensation, but unable to interpret what is it
Agnosias
30
Can be evident in all senses: visual, tactile, auditory, taste, and smell
Agnosias
31
Able to read words, but can't explain, doesn't know what they have read.
Visual Agnosias
32
Patient can read fluently, but has no idea what the word means
Visual Agnosias
33
Deficits in Reading and Writing associated with Aphasia (2)
1. Agraphia | 2. Alexia
34
Inability to write, not due to weakness, but related to inability to connect the language areas of the brain with the areas that control the ability to write words
Agraphia
35
Problems associated with reading
Alexia
36
Both deficits exist on a continuum ranging from no ability to mildly impaired
Agraphia and Alexia
37
Classification of Aphasia types (3):
1. Expressive/receptive 2. Fluent/non-fluent 3. Boston Classification System
38
Boston Classification System (8 but only 4 important)
1. Broca's Aphasia 2. Wernicke's Aphasia 3. Global Aphasia 4. Anomic Aphasia
39
Broca's Aphasia: What area of the brain is damaged?
Anterior part. usually anterior to the lower portion of the motor area (Broca's Area)
40
Broca's Aphasia: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?
Expressive
41
1. Difficult producing grammatical sentences; mostly nouns verbs, adjectives 2. Difficult naming objects 3. Difficult with oral reading and reading comprehension
characteristics of Broca’s Aphasia
42
Wernicke's Area: What area of the brain is damaged?
Upper portion of the temporal lobe (Wernicke's Area)
43
Wernicke's Area: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?
Receptive
44
1. Fluent sounding speech, but makes no sense (jargon) 2. Lots of paraphasia and neologisms 3. Significant comprehension problems
characteristics of Wernicke’s Aphasia
45
Global Aphasia: What area of the brain is damaged?
Both Broca's area and Wernicke's area and connections between the two
46
Global Aphasia: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?
Both expressive and receptive
47
1. Stereotypical expressions in response to any question 2. Jargon 3. Preservations
characteristics of Global Aphasia
48
Anomic Aphasia: What area of the brain is damaged?
Outside of the language zone. Varies from person to person
49
Anomic Aphasia: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?
Expressive
50
1. Word finding deficits | 2. Paraphasias
characteristics of Anomic Aphasia
51
Left hemisphere intact= therefore intact language, but still have poor communication
Right Hemisphere Disorder
52
Primary deficits of Right Hemisphere Disorder (3)
1. Communication 2. Attention/perception 3. Cognition
53
A sudden trauma to the head or the piercing of the skull by a foreign object results in a traumatic (sudden and severe) brain injury.
Traumatic Brain Injury
54
Trauma is extremely induced
Traumatic Brain Injury
55
Also called head injury or brain injury
Traumatic Brain Injury
56
Injuries range from mild to severe (meaning extent of damage to the brain)
Traumatic Brain Injury
57
Symptoms range from mild to severe (impact on life)
Traumatic Brain Injury
58
1. MVA 2. Falls 3. Sporting accidents 4. Occupational injuries 5. Violent crimes 6. Abuse 7. Suicide attempts 8. Military actions
Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury
59
TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury
60
Males have it 2-3 times more
TBI
61
Ages 15-24
TBI
62
Ages 75-older
TBI
63
Those in urban areas
TBI
64
Lower socioeconomic status
TBI
65
May though October
TBI
66
Types of injuries that produce close head injury (2)
1. Acceleration/deceleration | 2. Nonacceleration
67
Damage occurs at the site of impact
Coup
68
A secondary injury occurs in the opposite direction
Contracoup
69
a brain injury in which damage in the form of extensive lesions in white matter tracts occurs over a widespread area.
Diffuse Axonal Shearing
70
A concussion is a...
mild TBI
71
An impairment of short and long term memory with related changed in abstract thinking, judgement, and personality that causes significant and occupational impairment
Dementia
72
What are the chronic disorders of the brain that lead to dementia? (4)
1. Alzheimer's Disease 2. Pick's Disease 3. Multiple Strokes 4. Other brain disorders such as TBI
73
Motor Speech Disorders: (2)
1. Dysarthria | 2. Apraxia
74
Results from paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech musculature that is a neurological origin
Dysarthria
75
Symptoms of Dysarthria:
Vary, depending on the type and location of damage to the nervous system
76
Damage to muscles controlling respiration, phonation, articulation. Causes weakness or paralysis
Dysarthria
77
Dysarthria speech can be:
1. Slurred, slower rate due to weak muscles 2. Frequent rapid, uncontrolled movements and stiffness of muscles 3. Mixed symptoms
78
Difficult or inability to produce learned speech movements.
Apraxia of Speech
79
1. Difficult initiating speech and voice 2. Inconsistent sound errors 3. Hesitant, interrupted, not fluent speech 4. Impairment increases as word length increases
Characteristics of Apraxia of Speech
80
May be able to purse lips and whistle at will
Apraxia of Speech
81
Unable to correctly achieve lip movement for /w/ in word water
Apraxia of Speech

CSD 115- Unit 3 Exam (2 decks)

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