Chapter 7 Flashcards
Memory illusion
False but subjectively compelling memory
Iconic memory
Visual sensory memory
Echoic memory
Auditory memory
Decay
Fading of information from memory over time
Retroactive interference
Interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information
Proactive interference
Interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information
Chunking
Organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short term memory
Maintenance Rehearsal
Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short term memory
Elaborative Rehearsal
Linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short term memory
Levels of processing
Depth of transforming information which influences how easily we remember it
Primacy effect
Tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well
Recency effect
Tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well
Permastore
Type of long term memory that appears to be permanent
Semantic memory
Our knowledge of facts about the world
Episodic memory
Recollection of events in our lives
Explicit vs implicit memory
Explicit- memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness
Implicit- memories we don’t deliberately remember or reflect on consciously
Priming
Our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly after we’ve encountered similar stimuli
Procedural memory
Memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits
Encoding
Process of getting information into our memory banks
Storage
Process of keeping information in memory
State-dependent learning
Superior retrieval of memories when the organism is in the same physiological or psychological state as it was during encoding
Context dependent learning
Superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context
Mnemonic
A learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall
Pegword method
Uses rhyming
Method of Ioci
Place memory
Keyword method
Language, learning, reminder words
Recall
Generating previously remembered information
Recognition
Selecting previously remembered information from array of options
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of memories from our past
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to encode new memories from our experiences
Meta-memory
Knowledge about our own memory abilities and limitations
Cryptomnesia
Failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else
Flashbulb memory
Emotional memory that is extraordinarily vivid and detailed
Source monitoring confusion
Lack of clarity about the origin of a memory
Misinformation effect
Creation of fictitious memories by providing misleading information about an event after it takes place
