Chapter 7 Flashcards
what is matter? give two example of matter. explain what is not matter and give two examples.
matter is anything with mass or takes up space. energy is not matter
ex: dirt, metal
ex: heat, light
what is the order of the scientists?
d- dad- Democritus a- always- Aristotle d- drives- Dalton t- through- Thompson r- red- Rutherford c- crosses- Chadwick b- being- Bohr m- mad- modern
give two comparisons of the nucleus and the electron cloud
subatomic particles
parts of the atom
give 8 contrasts of the nucleus and the electron cloud
nucleus- protons neutrons positive charge center of the atom
electron cloud- empty space outer part of atom negative charge electrons
give what each atomic structure is sequel to, 5 of them.
atomic number- number of protons
mass number- number of protons plus number of neutrons
number of protons- atomic number\electrons
numbers of electrons- number of protons\atomic number
number of neutrons- mass minus number of protons
why are atoms neutral?
protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge. the number of protons equal number of electrons. electrons and protons cancel each other out.
what is an ion? how does each one form?
an ion is a charged particle.
positive- an electron is lost
negative- an electron is gained
what is radioactivity
elements that spontaneously gives off radiation.
describe the 3 types of radioactive decay
alpha decay- an alpha particle is lost (two fewer protons and neutrons) * new element
beta decay- a beta particle is lost (one fewer neutron one more proton) *new element
gamma rays- an unstable nucleus gives off radiation * same element
what is the most important safety rule?
listen to the teacher
independent variable
what is being changed
dependent variable
what is being measured
control groups
given the regular variable without the independent variable
constants
what is consistent
