Chapter 7

Question 1

Organizational culture

Answer 1

A firm’s shared values, beliefs, traditions, philosophies, rules, and role models for behavior.

Question 2

Structure

Answer 2

The arrangement or relationship or positions within an organization.

Question 3

Organizational chart

Answer 3

A visual display of the organizational structure, lines of authority (chain of command), staff relationships, permanent committee arrangements, and lines of communication.

Question 4

Specialization

Answer 4

The division of labor into small, specific tasks and the assignment of employees to do a single task.

Question 5

Departmentalization

Answer 5

The grouping of jobs into working units usually called departments, units, groups, or divisions

Question 6

Functional departmentalization

Answer 6

The grouping of jobs that perform similar functional activities, such as finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources.

Question 7

Product departmentalization

Answer 7

The organization of jobs in relation to the products of the firm.

Question 8

Geographical departmentalization

Answer 8

the grouping of jobs according to geographic location, such as state, region, country, or continent.

Question 9

Customer departmentalization

Answer 9

the arrangement of jobs around the needs of various types of customers

Question 10

Delegation of authority

Answer 10

giving employees not only tasks, but also the power to make commitments, use resoureces, and take whatever actions are necessary to carry out those tasks.

Question 11

Responsibility

Answer 11

the obligation, placed on employees through delegation, to perform assigned tasks satisfactorily and be held accountable for the proper execution of work.

Question 12

Accountability

Answer 12

the principle that employees who accept an assignment and the authority to carry it out are answerable to a superior for the outcome.

Question 13

Centralized organization

Answer 13

A structure in which authority is concentrated at the top, and very little decision-making authority is delegated to lower levels.

Question 14

Decentralized organization

Answer 14

An organization in which decision-making authority is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible.

Question 15

Span of management

Answer 15

the number of subordinates who report to a particular manager

Question 16

Organizational layers

Answer 16

the levels of management in an organization

Question 17

Line structure

Answer 17

the simples organizational structure, in which direct lines of authority extend from the top manager to the lowest level of the organization.

Question 18

Line-and-staff structure

Answer 18

A structure having a traditional line relationship between superiors and subordinates and also specialized managers–called staff managers–who are available to assist line managers.

Question 19

Multidivisional structure

Answer 19

A structure that organized departments into larger groups called divisions

Question 20

Matrix structure

Answer 20

A structure that sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority; also called a project-management structure.

Question 21

Group

Answer 21

Two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a common identity, and have a common goal.

Question 22

Team

Answer 22

A small group whose members have complementary skills; have a common purpose, goals, and approach; and hold themselves mutually accountable.

Question 23

Committee

Answer 23

A permanent, formal group that performs a specific task.

Question 24

Task force

Answer 24

A temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change.

Question 25

Project teams

Answer 25

Groups similar to task forces that normally run their operation and have total control of a specific work project.

Question 26

Product-development teams

Answer 26

A specific type of project team formed to devise, design, and implement a new product.

Question 27

Quality-assurance teams (or quality circles)

Answer 27

Small groups of workers brought together from throughout the organization to solve specific quality, productivity, or service problems

Question 28

Self-directed work team (SDWT)

Answer 28

a group of employees responsible for an entire work process or segment that delivers a product to an internal or external customer.