Chapter 7 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is Sensation?
The process by which our sense organs and receptors detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them
What is Perception?
Refers to the process by which we give meaning to sensory information, resulting in our personal interpretation of that information
The visual perception system consists of?
The complete network of physiological structures involved in vision, not just structures of the eye but sections of the brain such as the primary visual cortex
What are the 8 main structures of the eye?
- Cornea
- Pupil
- Lens
- Iris
- Ciliary muscle
- Vitreous humour
- Aqueous humour
- Retina
- Optic nerve - bonus
What is the coloured part of the eye?
Iris
What is the part of the eye that transmits messages to the brain?
Optic nerve
What are the four key steps to the visual perception system?
- Reception
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Interpretation
What is Reception?
The process by which the eye receives incoming light from the external environment and focuses it onto the retina where an image of the visual stimulus is captured.
What is Transduction?
The process by which the photoreceptors change electromagnetic radiation energy into electrical impulses which can travel along the optic nerve to the brain
What is Transmission?
Involves the sending of information in the form of electrical impulses along the optic nerve
What is Interpretation?
The process of assigning meaning to visual information so that we understand what we are looking at
What is the name of the specialised neutrons that are located on the retina, which detect and respond to light?
Photoreceptors
Which one is it that responds to very low levels of light? They are responsible for night vision. Not involved in colour vision at all.
Rods
So then, what do Cones do?
Cones work in high levels of light and are responsible for colour and detail in the form of visual perception
What are visual perception principles?
Rules that we apply to visual information
Name the 4 Gestalt principles
- Figure-ground
- Closure
- Similarity
- Proximity
What is figure-ground?
It occurs when we organise visual information by perceptually dividing a visual scene into a ‘figure’, which stands out from the ‘ground’, which is its surroundings.
What is Proximity?
The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together in a group.
Give an example of how figure-ground is used in real life
in a stop sign
Depth cues are…
Sources of information from the environment (external cues) or from within our body (internal cues) that helps us to perceive how far away objects are and therefore perceive depth.
How many different types of depth cues are there?
Binocular and Monocular
What is perceptual constancy?
It refers to the tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanging despite any changes that may occur to the image cast on the retina
How many different types of perceptual constancies are there?
3
What are they called?
Size, shape and brightness
