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Psychology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Sensation?

A

The process by which our sense organs and receptors detect and respond to sensory information that stimulates them

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2
Q

What is Perception?

A

Refers to the process by which we give meaning to sensory information, resulting in our personal interpretation of that information

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3
Q

The visual perception system consists of?

A

The complete network of physiological structures involved in vision, not just structures of the eye but sections of the brain such as the primary visual cortex

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4
Q

What are the 8 main structures of the eye?

A
  1. Cornea
  2. Pupil
  3. Lens
  4. Iris
  5. Ciliary muscle
  6. Vitreous humour
  7. Aqueous humour
  8. Retina
  9. Optic nerve - bonus
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5
Q

What is the coloured part of the eye?

A

Iris

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6
Q

What is the part of the eye that transmits messages to the brain?

A

Optic nerve

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7
Q

What are the four key steps to the visual perception system?

A
  1. Reception
  2. Transduction
  3. Transmission
  4. Interpretation
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8
Q

What is Reception?

A

The process by which the eye receives incoming light from the external environment and focuses it onto the retina where an image of the visual stimulus is captured.

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9
Q

What is Transduction?

A

The process by which the photoreceptors change electromagnetic radiation energy into electrical impulses which can travel along the optic nerve to the brain

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10
Q

What is Transmission?

A

Involves the sending of information in the form of electrical impulses along the optic nerve

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11
Q

What is Interpretation?

A

The process of assigning meaning to visual information so that we understand what we are looking at

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12
Q

What is the name of the specialised neutrons that are located on the retina, which detect and respond to light?

A

Photoreceptors

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13
Q

Which one is it that responds to very low levels of light? They are responsible for night vision. Not involved in colour vision at all.

A

Rods

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14
Q

So then, what do Cones do?

A

Cones work in high levels of light and are responsible for colour and detail in the form of visual perception

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15
Q

What are visual perception principles?

A

Rules that we apply to visual information

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16
Q

Name the 4 Gestalt principles

A
  1. Figure-ground
  2. Closure
  3. Similarity
  4. Proximity
17
Q

What is figure-ground?

A

It occurs when we organise visual information by perceptually dividing a visual scene into a ‘figure’, which stands out from the ‘ground’, which is its surroundings.

18
Q

What is Proximity?

A

The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together in a group.

19
Q

Give an example of how figure-ground is used in real life

A

in a stop sign

20
Q

Depth cues are…

A

Sources of information from the environment (external cues) or from within our body (internal cues) that helps us to perceive how far away objects are and therefore perceive depth.

21
Q

How many different types of depth cues are there?

A

Binocular and Monocular

22
Q

What is perceptual constancy?

A

It refers to the tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanging despite any changes that may occur to the image cast on the retina

23
Q

How many different types of perceptual constancies are there?

A

3

24
Q

What are they called?

A

Size, shape and brightness

25
Q

What are visual perception principles?

A

Rules that we apply to visual information

26
Q

Name the 4 Gestalt principles

A
  1. Figure-ground
  2. Closure
  3. Similarity
  4. Proximity
27
Q

What is figure-ground?

A

It occurs when we organise visual information by perceptually dividing a visual scene into a ‘figure’, which stands out from the ‘ground’, which is its surroundings.

28
Q

What is Proximity?

A

The tendency to perceive parts of a visual image which are positioned close together as belonging together in a group.

29
Q

Give an example of how figure-ground is used in real life

A

in a stop sign

30
Q

Depth cues are…

A

Sources of information from the environment (external cues) or from within our body (internal cues) that helps us to perceive how far away objects are and therefore perceive depth.

31
Q

How many different types of depth cues are there?

A

Binocular and Monocular

32
Q

What is perceptual constancy?

A

It refers to the tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanging despite any changes that may occur to the image cast on the retina

33
Q

How many different types of perceptual constancies are there?

A

3

34
Q

What are they called?

A

Size, shape and brightness

Psychology (3 decks)

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